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了解本節知識要點，掌握初步分析問題方法。

　復習中國近代現代史第二單元(1)--洋務運動和中國資本主義的產生

22. I need a book , one which is cheap but useful.

　 I need a book , which is cheap but useful .

　前一句是簡單句，　 one 作 book 的同位語；后一句是含有定語從句的主從復合句，先行詞是book 。

21. As is known to all, the problem of pollution is serious.

　 It is known to all that the problem of pollution is serious .

前一句是定語從句，后一句是含有主語從句的主從復合句，往往學生搞錯這兩個結構，以問題形式出現，學生就會暴露出問題。

_________ known to everyone , the earth is round .

A. It is　 B. As　　 C. As is　　 D. As it is

正確答案是C。

20.Is _________ that flows through that town ?

A.　　 this river　 B. this the river

此題正確答案為B。如果選A，句子結構錯誤。此句是疑問句，把它變成陳述句結構就清楚了，This river is that flows through that town. (無句意)，試比較：This is the river that flows through that town. (這是一條流經那座城鎮的河。)

19. I’d rather you ______ something about it for the time being .

A. did　　　 B. to do　

此句是結構問題，如果填did，把you did something …看成從句，如果填to do ，則把you 看成了賓格形式，前者正確，后者錯誤。Would rather 是一個助動詞，不可能有賓語復合結構。此題只能選擇A。would rather (that) + 從句 (從句中謂語動詞用過去時)

意思為：寧愿某人做某事。

17. _________ was lying .

A. Whoever told you that　　 B. No matter who told you that

Whoever 引導名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句，no matter who 引導讓步狀語從句， 不能引導名詞性從句，橫線處是名詞從句的位置，不是狀語從句的位置，辨認狀語從句應當看逗號“，”逗號后有句子主語。例如：No matter who told you that , he was lying .此句中的no matter who 可以用whoever 代替。Whoever told you that , he was lying .

18 ________ shall finish the work before May Day is possible.

A. We　 B. That we　

此題往往在結構上搞錯，認為意思上完整，不缺少含有意思的引導詞，句意為：五一節前完成工作是可能的。選擇了A。 其實，We shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 句子結構是錯誤的，May Day 之前是一個從句，應當有一個引導詞, that 沒有詞義，僅起引導從句的作用。本題的答案應當是B。

16. Had I known her well , I would have invited her to the party .

當你看到would have invited 可以猜疑是虛擬語氣結構，had I known her well 部分表示條件，屬于虛擬語氣條件從句省掉if 的情況，相當于if had I known her well ,省掉if 時，句子應倒裝，省掉if 共有三種情況，當謂語動詞是 (1)were　 ;(2)should do　 ;(3) had done 。應注意與一般疑問句Had I finished the work before he came back ?的區別。

15. Having a written examination , ___________ .

A. I am forced to study hard　　 B. it’s necessary that I have to study hard

分詞短語放在句首作狀語，應考慮逗號后主語與分詞的關系，是否可以做分詞的執行者或承受者，此題A項中I 可以做having 的執行者，所以選擇A；而B項中的it 不可能做having 的執行者或承受者。

14. She must be looking forward as much to his return as he he himself is to _______ her .

A. see　 B. have seen　 C. seeing　 D. having seen

此題選擇C。as…as 結構連接的兩部分應該對等，to his return 與to seeing 對等，to 是介詞，后跟名詞，有好多學生不顧as…as 結構，把后一個to 看成不定式符號， 而選擇A。