3.一位90后的孩子在日記中寫了如下一段話:
請給我勇敢,改變可以改變的;就給我堅強,接受不可以改變的;請給我智慧,分辨這兩者。
請聯系自己或身邊的現實,結合自己的思考寫一篇作文,文體不限,不少于800字。
[寫作提示]
這是一段發人深思的話,說出了90后發自內心的一個愿望。這個愿望是真誠的。面對我們的生活環境,有很多是可以改變的,只要你努力;但有不少是個人的力量所不可改變的,你只能適應。比如貧困,無論知識上的貧乏,還是經濟上一時的窮困,經過自己的努力,都可以改變,關鍵在于你自己。
寫此題可根據自己的實際情況從“勇敢”、“堅強”、“智慧”這三個詞語中選擇一個,力求寫得集中一些、深入一些。
命題作文
考前練兵:
“顯性”就是明白曉暢地呈現文章的主旨、情感和手法,“隱性”就是用暗喻、象征等手法隱晦地表達自己的傾向、觀點和意旨。鑒于高考閱卷老師每45秒鐘評判1篇作文的閱卷速度,他們對每一篇作文不可能從容不迫,細閱細品。為此,考生的臨場作文必須先“顯性”后“隱性”,在讓閱卷老師看“明白”后再看“微妙”。
江蘇高考作文閱卷組組長何永康說:“高考作文,要多一點‘二鍋頭’,少一點‘碧螺春’!”這當然是一種比喻,用寫作的“術語”來說就是:高考作文不像平時作文那樣,必須有很強的“視覺沖擊力”,要“該出手時就出手”,該扣題就扣題,該點題就點題,讓閱卷老師“無障礙”地一下子看穿,拍案叫好:而不要開篇就“干呼萬喚始出來,猶抱琵琶半遮面”,把思想、情感、手法搞得云遮霧罩,玩“兜圈子”,玩“捉迷藏”,玩“隱形的翅膀”,都是高考作文的大忌,
“意段”就是作文在文意上的邏輯層次切分,而“字段”則是作文在卷面上的文字段落切分。二者的關系應該是“字段”跟著“意段”走,以“意段”來調控“字段”。而考場上的實際現狀是:有的考生隨心所欲,想在哪切分一段就在哪切分一段:有的考生“以不變應萬變”,不管什么文章都搞成“三段論”(甚至“一段論”):有的考生記“流水賬”,“十八歲的天空”就寫成十八段……
殊不知,閱卷老師在評分時最為關注的都是“意段”,層次切分的情理維度、邏輯推進的技術含量是他們手中重中之重的評分砝碼。如果你的作文“意段”和“字段”不合拍,因卷面上的文字段落干擾、破壞了閱卷老師頭腦中正在“尾追”的語意邏輯層次,閱卷老師就會越看腦子越脹,越看心里越煩,越看眼睛越糊,“痛下殺心”就變成情理之中的事了,而且還“殺你沒商量”,因為他有“評分標準”中“結構混亂”的尚方寶劍在手。
“合格”就是作文合乎考生根據題意和內容自選文體的要求,“風格”就是作文彰顯考生自己選材、謀篇、手法、文彩等方面的個性。
高考作文必須“先‘合格’后‘風格…,因為“合格”是所有考生都必須遵守的文體規范,也是高考閱卷“評分標準”中的法規,如有違反,必定“要適當扣分”,“四不像”作文更是“殺無赦”:而“風格”僅是個體考生的寫作個性,它被認可的程度,還要看其是否“對‘評分標準’的路子”“對閱卷老師的口味”,而這是“未知”的。先“合格”后“風格”可謂‘‘一鳥在手”,分數無憂:而先“風格”后“合格”則是“一鳥在望”,分數扶搖。
為此,廣大考生必須結合自身的寫作特長,首先強化文體的“合格”訓練,一定要做到“寫什么是什么”,至少要做到“寫什么像什么”,對高考閱卷專家對如下四種基本文體的特征界定尤須悉心揣摩。
“袖手”就是作文下筆前的審題和構思,“疾手”就是作文下筆后的快速完篇。組織高考多年,每年都有考生“拍腦勺”“拍大腿”。何哉?考生驚呼:走題了,還有一個好素材漏寫了,還有一個好手法漏用了……
“驚呼”根由何在?未能先“袖手”后“疾手”也。試想,文題匆匆一瞥,就一揮而就,焉能不出現“收筆方覺離題遠”“東丟西落”等流弊?
高考驕子的成功秘笈告訴我們:要想“疾手”得自信、精確、完美,必先要“袖手”。要舍得用五分鐘的“袖手”時間,想透如下八個問題:
① 文題中每句話的含義是什么?
② 文題的核心意旨是什么?
③ 我從哪個角度切入主旨?
④ 我寫什么文體?
⑤ 我如何布局全篇(如“情節”“論層”等)?
⑥ 我在哪里設計亮點?
⑦我用哪些素材演繹主旨?
⑧ 我用什么手法呈現素材?
我們堅信:“袖手于前,疾手于后”的考生,必能心中有譜,筆下生風,暢快淋漓,不留遺憾。
“常心”就是“平常心”,它有利于作文水平的穩定發揮:“功心”就是“成功在此一舉之心”,它對作文水平的發揮有催化作用。
有位資深心理學教授指出:“在國際體操比賽中,運動員經常發揮失常:如果他們能發揮出平時70%--80%的水平,就可能奪牌。”
高考作文也是如此,只有先“常心”后“功心”,考生才能不僅平穩地發揮出自己作文的才氣、才思、才華,要觀點有觀點,要構思有構思,信手拈來,駕輕就熟,而且能夠達到“出彩發揮”的水準。而“功心”為先的考生,往往處處追求匠心獨運、別具一格、力拔頭籌、技壓群芳,殊不知,在競爭異常激烈的“獨木橋”上哪能處處“心想事成”,結果“連平時怎么走路都忘了”,處處找不到感覺,“超水平發揮”的美夢落了空,“低水平草就”的現實反而成了真。
1.Do you mind if I ______with my work while you are getting tea
ready?
A.carry out e on C.carry on D.go over
2.Old memories are often ______ when you hear a
particular song or a piece of music.
A.called in B.called on C.called out
D.called up
3.-- That’s a lovely dress.
-- Do you think so? My aunt gave it to me for my birthday, but I don’t ____the color.
A.interest in B.care for C.please with
D.fond of
4.The folk song concert was so well ____that all the
tickets had been sold out on the first day.
A.accepted B.recognized
C.received D.promised
5.The college is planning to offer more English courses to ___the needs of beginners of English.
A.meet with B.meet
C.supply D.satisfy with
6.He looked through as many daily newspapers as he could to ______ what they said about his latest book.
A.hear of B.see to C.look up D.find out
7.Nowadays too many people are__their eyes __trade.
A.turning ...on B.fixing ...to C.turning
...to D.fixed ...on
8.We had a good many anxious moment but everything __all
right in the end.
A.turned down B.turned on C.turned out
D.turned to
9.Twenty people were expected, but only ten ______.
A.turned round B.turned up C.turned out
D.turned to
10.Some eighty years ago three-quarters of American production ____family farms or from business employing fewer than six people.
A.made from B.kept from C.got
from D.came from
11.The period ____dance classes increases gradually
from two or three hours a day to five or six.
A.referred to B.kept to C.got
to D.given to
12.-- What did she ____so much money?
-- Nothing but a necklace made of glass.
A.spend on B.pay for C.buy
for D.sell to
13.If we _______, we can realize the progress we have
made.
A.turn back B.look back C.answer
back D.move back
14.After the meeting, I ____to write a report on our
next term’s work.
A.set about B.made off with C.set out D.set
off
15.If you do not feel well, you should not ____going to
see the doctor.?
A.pick out B.give off C.put off
D.make out
16.We must ____that our customs and habits aredifferent
from theirs.
A.keep in mind B.keep up with C.keep in touch
D.keep to ourselves
17.I think the car will ___ till we get to the village.
A.extend out B.go in for C.hold out D.hold
up
18.The museum is ___in a park surrounded by a number of
impressive buildings.
A.blocked B.based C.occupied D.located
19.A good writer must __ect B.think C.join D.know
20.The gentleman does not ____the argument but watches
the other guests.
A.drop in B.fill in C.put
in D.join in
21.Teaching a pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can __ a teacher with many challenging problems.
A.provide B.produce
C.present D.offer
22.We want our children to know that hard work_____es off B.gives off C.pays
off D.sees off
23.We can’t wait.We have to ____the direction and the
distance before we take action.
A.make out B.figure out C.think
out D.turn out
24.It____to look after these naughty grandchildren of
mine for a whole day.
A.put me down B.drives me out C.wears me
out D.pulls me through
25.We’ d better try to ____with the experiment, I
think.Now let’ s ___ with it.
A.go through;go on B.go on;go over
C.go over ;go through D.go on;go through
26.The host stood at the door and ______ every guest a
welcome.
A.nodded B.dropped off
C.shook D.moved
27.No one knows when XO was first discovered, or how it ___to be such a popular drink.
A.went B.came C.got
D.became
28.The Party Central Committee ____the Chinese people
to work hard for the economic development.
A.calls on B.calls up C.calls
out D.calls for
29.We always ____we have said.
A.lead to what B.see to what C.get to
what D.hold to what
30.Don’ t forget to ____your things after you have
finished your homework .
A.set aside B.put away C.take
away D.put into
31.The actor was so interesting that he___us laughing
all the time when we were chatting.
A.made B.keep C.had D.let
32.I can’t find my watch.I must have ____it in the
hotel.
A.lost B.missed C.left
D.forgot
33.All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that____Tangshan twenty years ago.
A.attacked B.struck
C.knocked D.exploded
34.Being much too fat, the lady was advised to reduce her food for each meal,
yet she would ___that.
A.have none of B.accept C.take care
of D.listen to
35.As director of the company, I can’ t ___three weeks
away from work.
A.carry B.cost C.afford
D.pay
36.When I entered his room, I found him ____an
armchair, deep in thought.
A.sitting on B.sit in C.seated
on D.seated in
37.The good service at the hotel ___the poor food to
some degree.
A.made up for B.saved up for C.took the
place of D.turn out
38.His strength had almost __when they found him in the
desert.
A.given out B.given in C.given
up D.given off
39.-- Your tie looks smart.It ___with your shirt
perfectly.
-- Thanks.I’m glad you like it.
A.matches B.meets C.agrees
D.goes
40.Anything that is dropped__towards the centre of the
earth.
A.fall B.falls C.has fallen D.is falling
41.Tom was a black slave and he at last ___the cotton
farm to join the North Army.
A.left B.escaped C.ran away D.fled
42.She had a nature that quickly ___the friendship of
her classmates.
A.made B.won C.caught D.seized
43.It takes a long time to ___a good fame, but this
name is quickly lost but just one crime or piece of bad behavior.
A.build up B.put up C.turn
up D.set up
44.-- I’m ______ too much weight, doctor?
-- I think you ought to go on a diet.
A.putting on B.getting on C.carrying
on D.living on
45.-- Will another fifty be enough?
-- Just twenty will____.
A.work B.do C.suit D.fit
46.His pale face ___a reluctant smile when he heard the
news.
A.came on B.was taken on C.took
on D.turned into
47.Although the working mother is very busy, she still ___ a lot of time to children.
A.devotes B.spends C.offers
D.provides
48.The thing that__is not whether you fail or not, but
whether you try it or not.
A.matters B.cares siders D.minds
49.Your football team__ours on Sunday, but we__the game yesterday afternoon.
A.beat;beat B.beat;won C.won;won
D.won;beat
50.-- Can I help you?
-- I’d like a room with a bath.How much do
you?
A.offer B.afford C.charge
D.spare
參考答案及簡析
1.C。carry on with sth.意為“繼續做某事”;carry out意為“實行,執行”。
2.D。call up意為“使人想起;打電話”;call on 意思是“號召”;call in 有“收回,請來”等意;call out 有“出動,喚起,引起,大聲叫出來“等意。
3.B。care for 在這里是“喜歡”的意思。
4.C。be well received意為“很受歡迎”。
5.B。meet 在這里是“滿足,符合”的意思。
6.D。find out意思是“查清,弄明白”;see to 意思是“處理,負責”;look
up意思是“查找(單詞等)”。
7.C。turn...to...在這里意思是“把……轉向……”。D有一定干擾性,可以說 fix one’s eyes on (upon) sth.,但語態不正確。
8.C。turn out 在這里意思是“證明是,結果是”,為連系動詞;turn on 意思是“打開”;turn to 意思是“參考,轉向,求助于”。
9.B。turn up 在這里是“出現,露面”的意思;turn round 意為“轉身,轉變”;turn in 意為“上交”。
10.D。come from表示“來自于”。
11.D。given to dance classes為過去分詞短語作定語,相當于that was given to dance classes,意思是“分給舞蹈課的時間”。
12.C。表示花費的幾個動詞的搭配是這樣的:sb.spend some money on sth.; sb.pay some money for sth.; sb.buy sth.for
some money。
13.B。look back在這里是“回顧”的意思。
14.C。set out to do sth./set
about doing sth.意為“著手做某事”。
15.C。put off 在這里是“拖延,延期”的意思。pick out 意思是“挑選出”;give off 意思是“釋放,發出;”make out意為“制定出,理解,辨認出”,因此其它答案不符合題意。16.A。keep
in mind意為“記住”,空后的that 從句為keep的賓語。
17.C。hold out 在這里是“支持,維持”的意思。如:How long will the enemy’s food
supplies hold out? hold up 意思是“舉起,支撐,阻擋”。
18.D。be located in,意思是“位于”。
19.A。本句話的意思是“一個好的作家必須把他所寫的與周圍發生的事聯系起來。”join與to搭配,表示“連接”。
20.D。join in有“加入(到某項活動中去)”的意思; drop in意思是“拜訪”;fill in意思是“填補”。
21.C。provide,present,offer 都有“提供”的意思。provide 意思是“裝備,供給(某物)”如:The villagers provided the guerrillas (游擊隊) with food; present 則表示“呈獻給某人(某種狀況)”;offer構成offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的搭配。22.C。pay off 在這里意為“回報”;see off 意思是“給……送行”。
23.B。figure out 在這里有“計算出”的意思;think out意思是“想出”。
24.C。wear sb.out“使人筋疲力盡”。
25.A。go through with sth.意思是“做完,完成”;go on with 意思是“繼續”。
26.A。nod sb.a welcome意思是“向某人點頭表示歡迎”。
27.B。come to 在這里有“開始”之意。
28.A。call on sb.to do sth.意思是“號召某人做某事”。
29.D。hold to 意為“堅持(觀點,理論等)”。本句話意思是“我們一直堅持我們所說的。"
30.B。put away意為“收起來”。
31.C。have/keep sb./sth.doing sth.意為“使某人(物)一直做某事”。B項時態錯誤。32.C。表示“忘帶,遺留”,英語中要用leave,不可用forget.
33.B。表示自然災害“侵害”了某地,可以用hit 或strike。attack表示“進攻,襲擊”,多表示用武力進攻;knock是“敲打”的意思。
34.A。have none of sth.意思是“不理睬;不接受”。
35.C。afford意思是“負擔得起(時間或金錢)”。
36.D。seat為及物動詞,作賓補用seated(相當于sitting);(坐)在有扶手的椅子上,用介詞in。
37.A。make up for 意思是“彌補”。本句的意思是“賓館優質的服務在一定程度上彌補了不好的飯菜。”
38.A。give out在這里為不及物動詞,意思是“用完,耗盡”;give in 意思是“屈服,投降”;give up意思是“放棄”; give off 意思是“釋放,發出”。
39.D。go with在這里是“與……相配”的意思;match 也有此意,但match 為及物動詞;agree with 有“與……相適應“的意思,因此不合題意。
40.B。描述客觀事實,用一般現在時。
41.D。escape,run away 都有“逃脫”的意思,后需加from。
42.B。win在這里是“贏得,獲得”的意思。
43.A。build up 有“樹立,逐步建立”的意思,其賓語可以是表示榮譽、名望等的名詞。put up 意思是“(具體的)建造”,其賓語為房屋、橋梁、道路等;set up多指組織、單位、機構的建設。
44.A。put on weight 意思是“發胖,增加重量”。
45.B。do 在這里的意思是“行,可以,起作用”。又如:“What
do you want for your birthday?” “Anything will do.”
46.C。take on 在這里是“呈現”的意思。
47.A。C項有較大干擾性。offer sth.to sb.意思是“提供某物給某人”;devote
one’s time to sb./ sth./doing
sth.意思是“把時間用在某人(某事或做某事上)”。
48.A。matter在這里的意思是“有關系,要緊”。D項有一定干擾性。mind的意思是“在意,在乎”,其主語是人。
49.B。win和beat分別是“贏”,“擊敗”的意思,但 win 的賓語是比賽,而不可以是對手;beat 的賓語是對手。
50.C。charge 在這里是“收費”的意思。offer提供;afford支付得起;spare空出(時間,金錢),因此其它答案不合題意。
14.答案示例:②蠟燭的燃燒 ③蠟燭的特殊作用(評分:4分。每空2分,其中“蠟燭的特殊作用”沒有“特殊”一詞扣1分) 15.脂蠟(牛羊脂蠟) 石蠟(評分:2分。每框1分) 16.作比較。(1分)突出說明了三根棉線編制成的燭芯的優點。(1分) 17.②生日宴會 吹熄蠟燭希望夢想成真(大意對即可)(1分) ③洞房花燭夜 祝福新人白頭偕老(1分)
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