區別:現在完成時側重于動作的結速或完成;而現在完成進行時側重于動作的未結束和繼續進行。
例:1)I have opened the can.
2) I have been writing the letter since then.
1、現在完成進行時的形式:
1)主動語態:主語+have/has+現在分詞(doing)
2)被動語態:主語+have/has been+過去分詞(done)
例:Have you been waiting for him all the day?
3、幾種時態表示同一意思
例:1)He left china two years ago.
2)It is two years since he left china.
3)He has away from china for 2 years.
2、today等時間狀語的運用
運用today,this morning,this afternoon等時間狀語時,時態要根據說話的具體情況而定。
例:1)He didn’t do his homework this afternoon.他今天下午沒有做功課。
He hasn’t done his homework this afternoon.他今天下午還沒有做功課呢。
2)He arrived here a little late today,because he got up late and didn’t catch the bus.
3)He has been very busy today.(截至到說話時,仍是在今天,他們很忙)
1、just now和just的區別 just now用在一般過去時
just用在現在完成時
例:1)We had an English lesson just now.
2) We have just had an English lesson.
4.表示完成,結果的現在完成時
例:1)My father has just gone out.(結果)
2)I have closed the window.(完成)
3)Mr.Li has gone to Australia.(結果)
A→表示完成的用法
I’ve just finished my homework.
They have gone to GuiLin.
B→表示結果的用法
例1、(1)I opened the door.
(2)The door is open now.
(3)I have opened the door.
例2、(1)John bought a
dictionary.
(2)Now John has a new
dictionary.
(3)John has bought a
new dictionary.
▲牢記:表結果的現在完成時常見動詞。
make become go come lose grow sell buy fall
C→常見的時間狀語(副詞)
already just yet→句末
句中
3、表示經驗的現在完成時
例:1)肯定句:I have seen the film three times.
2) 否定句:I’ve never seen the film.
3)疑問句:Have you ever been to U.K.?
A→基本用法
表示經驗的現在完成時,說明從過去起到現在的經驗,即從過去到現在之間曾經經歷過或做過的事情。
B→常用的時間狀語
Often, ever, before, never, once, twice, times, many times
C→ have/has been的用法
形式 |
意義 |
用法 |
Have/has been to |
表示“曾經去過……” |
經驗 |
表示“到 … 去過了…” |
完成 |
|
Have/has been in |
表示“曾在……” |
經驗 |
表示“一直在……” |
繼續 |
例:a. have been to
I have been to the summer palace twice.(經驗)
I have been to the museum to see the exhibition.(完成)
b. have been in
Have you ever been in America?(經驗)
We have been in home for the whole day.(繼續)
插曲:be 動詞的過去分詞
Be動詞的過去分詞不管主語的人稱和數都要用been表示
例:We have been tired these days
區別:I am happy.(一般現在時)
I was happy.(一般過去時)
I have been happy.(現在完成時)
2、表示繼續的現在完成時
例:1)肯定句:Li Ming’s elder brother has studied in Beijing university for about three years.
2)否定句:We haven’t seen each other all this month.
3)疑問句:How long have you know your boy friend?
A→基本用法
表示繼續意義的現在完成時,說明過去的動作一直延續到現在,也就是說從過去某時開始
的動作、狀態一直持續到現在。此時,往往用和現在有關的表示一段時間的時間狀語。
例:1)I began to study English three years ago.(過去試)
2)I still study English now.(現在式)
3)I have studied English since three years ago.
|
現在時
▲ 牢記:表繼續的動詞
have known 已經認識了 have studied 已經學習了
have worked ; have been to; have used ;have taught ;have stayed;
have wanted to; have lived
▲ B→常用的時間狀語
表示繼續的現在完成時,常和下列時間狀語連用
for+時間 since+過去某時 all this week
often today recently all day
up to now 直到現在 so far 到目前為止
lately always till/until now
in the past years
these days
this week
during the past (years、month)
1、概述
形式 have/has過去分詞 |
用法 |
意義 |
繼續 |
表示從過去繼續到現在的動作或狀態 |
|
經驗 |
表示過去某一是可到現在的經驗 |
|
完成 |
表示現在剛完成的動作 |
|
成果 |
表示現在是“做了……”的結果 |
例:1)繼續 He has been sick since last week.
2) 經驗 I have visited Tokyo twice.
Have you ever been to Hawaii?
3) 完成 I have just finished my homework.
Has he finished his work yet?
4) 結果 My father has become a lawyer.
I have lost my dictionary.
下面分別闡述其用法
A→現在完成時的肯定句
句型:主語(I、we、you第三人稱復數)+have+過去分詞
主語(第三人稱單數)+has+過去分詞
例:1)I have been busy all the day.
2) My father has read today’s paper.
3) I have just written the letter.
B→現在完成時的否定句
句型:主語 + have/has + not + 過去分詞
例:1)The concert hasn’t/has not started yet.
2)They haven’t gotten to London yet.
C→現在完成時的一般疑問句
例:1)Has the concert started?
2) Have you friend your homework?
D→現在完成時的特殊疑問句,分兩種情況
a. 疑問句詞作主語時
句型:疑問句(主語)+have/has+過去分詞+……?
例:1)Who has/have bought these apples?
2)Who has made her so sad?
B→疑問詞作主語以外的成分時
句型:疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+……?
例:1)How long have you live here?
2)How many times have you been to Spain?
19.(12分)呋喃丙胺是一種高效麻醉劑,在臨床上被廣泛使用,也可用于治療心律失常。由呋喃甲醛合成呋喃丙胺的流程如下:
已知:
試回答下列問題:
⑴物質A的結構簡式是 _________________________ ;
反應①~⑤中屬于取代反應的有 (填序號)。
⑵呋喃甲醛中碳原子的雜化方式為 ,分子中共平面的碳原子最多有 個。
⑶呋喃丙烯酸的同分異構體中屬于醛類且含有酚羥基的結構共有 種。
⑷反應③的化學方程式為 。
⑸反應⑤的化學方程式為 。
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