3.如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加"什么時候"、"什么地點"、"什么方式"等含義,應用when,where,how等詞引導同位語從句。
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.
析:he will be back意義不完整,應加"什么時候"的含義才能表達idea的全部內容,因此應用when引導同位語從句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
析:he went home意義不完整,應加"如何"的含義才能表達impression的全部內容,因此應用how引導同位語從句。
2.如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加"是否"的含義,應用whether引導同位語從句。(if不能引導同位語從句)
例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。
析:the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整,應加"是否"的含義才能表達the problem的全部內容,因此應用whether引導同位語從句。
1.如同位語從句意義完整,應用that引導同位語從句。(即that 不充當任何成分,只起連接作用)
例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達了戰士們立即過河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內容,且意義完整,因此應用that引導同位語從句。
在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that,whether,what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等詞引導,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名詞后面,說明該名詞的具體內容。換言之,同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內容上為同一關系,對其內容作進一步說明。
例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。
析:they had won the game說明The news的全部內容,因此該句為同位語從句。
第5講 同位語從句
2.誤:Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come?
正:Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come?
譯:你是否因昨晚下雪而沒有來?
析:應將when改為that,因為,原句還原為Because it snowed last night,you didn"t come后,在語法和句意上均成立,故此題是強調句型而非定語從句。
1.誤:It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.
正:It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.
譯:大火發生在廚房。
析:應將where改that,因為原句還原為The fire broke out in the kitchen后,在語法和句意上均成立,故此題是強調句型,而非定語從句。
2.誤:I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.
正:I don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.
譯:我不相信他所提供的他遲到的原因。
析:應改why為that或which,因為從句謂語動詞has given后缺少賓語,而不是缺少原因狀語。
(七)、誤將強調句型當定語從句。如:
1.誤:Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?
正:Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?
譯:你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因?
析:應改why為that或which,因為定語從句缺少主語,而不是少原因狀語。
2.誤:This is the house where we lived in last year.
正:This is the house which/that we lived in last year.
譯:這是我們去年住過的那個房子。
析:應改where為which或that,因為從句謂語動詞lived后有介詞in,其后少介詞賓語,而不是地點狀語。
(六)、在先行詞reason后錯用關系副詞why。如:
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