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1. 同義或近義詞，如：

begin ― start; learn ― study; almost ― nearly; perhaps ― maybe; hard ― difficult; fast ― quickly; borrow ― lend; can ― be able to; say ― speak ― talk ― tell; see ― look at ― watch; hear ― listen to; many ― much ― a lot of ― lots of; reach ― get to ― arrive at / in; look after ― take care of; enjoy oneself ― have a good time; be good at ― do well in; at last ― in the end ― finally;

4. 縮略法：(即由多個(gè)字母縮略成少數(shù)的幾個(gè)字母，詞義不變) 如：

television → TV; telephone → phone; bicycle → bike; physical education → PE

初中三年的學(xué)習(xí)中同學(xué)們接觸了不少在“形、義、用”上有關(guān)聯(lián)的單詞，將它們按相同、相似或相反等功能分別加以歸類對(duì)比，可以增強(qiáng)復(fù)習(xí)的趣味性，印象深刻，有助于保持長久記憶。

3. 轉(zhuǎn)化法：(即由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞類，詞形不變) 如：

water (水，名詞) → water (澆水，動(dòng)詞; plant (植物，名詞) → plant (種植，動(dòng)詞); orange (橙子，名詞) → orange (橙色的， 形容詞); mind (思想，名詞) → mind (介意，動(dòng)詞)

2. 派生法：(即通過給一個(gè)單詞加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成新詞的方法)，如：

1) 加前綴的情況

mid + 名詞，表示“中”、“中間”，如：mid-autumn

mis + 動(dòng)詞，表示相反的意思，如：take → mistake

re + 動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，如：retell; return

un + 介詞或形容詞，構(gòu)成反義詞，如：unhappy; unlike; unusual

a + 動(dòng)詞，表示狀態(tài)， 如：asleep; alive

2) 加后綴的情況

動(dòng)詞 → 名詞：invent → inventor, invention; operate → operator, operation; drive → driver; read → reader; teach → teacher; travel →traveller; visit → visitor

形容詞 → 副詞：careful → carefully; loud → loudly; true → truly

名詞 → 形容詞：sun → sunny; rain → rainy; noise → noisy; friend → friendly; Canada → Canadian; wool → woolen; danger → dangerous

動(dòng)詞 → 形容詞：help → helpful; use → useful; enjoy → enjoyable; worry → worried; interest → interested

形容詞 → 名詞：different → difference; good → goodness; foreign → foreigner

1. 合成法 (即由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成新詞的方法) ，如：

合成名詞：shop + keeper → shopkeeper; moon + cake → mooncake; class + room → classroom; black + board → blackboard

合成代詞：everyone; something; anybody; nothing … etc.

4. 顏色：red, orange, yellow, green, blue, black, white, brown, pink, purple, light green, dark blue

運(yùn)用所學(xué)構(gòu)詞知識(shí)與詞義和詞性結(jié)合起來記憶單詞，可以節(jié)省單純背記單詞的時(shí)間，少走彎路。初中三年學(xué)習(xí)的構(gòu)詞法主要有以下幾種：

3. 服裝：coat, sweater, dress, suit, trousers, shirt, skirt, blouse

2. 人體名稱：head, hair, eye, nose, mouth, neck, arm, hand, leg, foot

如：1. 文化用品：bag, ink, pencil, pencil-box, book, ruler, eraser

4. 歸納同音異形異義詞，如：

new ― knew; weather ― whether; nose ― knows; pair ― pear; father ― farther; blue ― blew; I ― eye; here ― hear; hour ― our; past ― passed; see ― sea; right ― write; whole ― hole; won ― one; meet ― meat; week ― weak; would ― wood; aren’t ― aunt; son ― sun; know ― no; to ― too ― two; buy ― by ― bye