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11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了……還有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，減去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 與except意思近似，表示“除了……外”經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問(wèn)詞后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如無(wú)……就，只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。

10、between, among：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.

注意：但有時(shí)說(shuō)的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，適用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在談事物間的差別時(shí)，總是用between。如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.

9、表示“關(guān)于”的about 和on：兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思，不過(guò)前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的“論述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.

8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“終于”解，可單獨(dú)使用，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……盡頭”，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用；by the end of 作“在……結(jié)束時(shí)”，“到……末為止”解，只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.

7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角處”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.

6、表示“穿過(guò)……”的through和across：through表示從內(nèi)部通過(guò)，與in 有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.

5、表示“在……上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.

4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.

3、表示時(shí)間的in和after：兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后，區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后”，而after則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后)”，in短語(yǔ)和將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用，after短語(yǔ)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)��?lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用。如：We’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?

注意：after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過(guò)去時(shí)里)。如：After two months he returned.

2、表示時(shí)間的since和from：since表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過(guò)程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)連用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.