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7. 邏輯錯誤

[誤]Liu Hua is a kind-hearted girl; she will be successful in anything she tries.

[正]As she has a strong will and confidence in herself, Liu Hua may be successful in anything she tries.

[析]“一個心地善良的人能保證事事都能成功”這個推理不合理�！耙粋�具有堅強意志和信念的人可能會取得成功”這才合乎邏輯。在寫作時，不少學生從語言角度考慮得多，而從邏輯角度考慮得少。因此，常常出現不少邏輯錯誤。

[鞏固練習7]

1) Americans are tall.

2) Every bird can fly.

3) She must be ill because I saw a doctor going into her room.

4) When I was going out, it began to rain.

5) The armymen had been marching all day and their uniforms were green.

5. 非完整句錯誤

[誤]The woman talked to you just now is our English teacher.

[正]The woman who talked to you just now is our English teacher.

[析]一個句子至少包括主語和謂語兩部分（祈使句除外），如果將句子的某一部分當作一個完整的句子，就會導致非完整句錯誤。寫作中，很多學生會犯此錯誤，應特別引起注意。

[鞏固練習5]

1) China is no longer what used to be.

2) Although is ten years old, this little boy plays the piano very well.

3) The picture is about a poor little boy lived in old China.

4) The person came to see me that afternoon is an old friend of mine.

5) I can’t imagine what life would be like if haven’t any TV sets.

6) Without a friend will feel lonely.

4. 無連接詞錯誤

[誤]You practice more reading, your reading ability will be improved.

[正]If you practice reading more, your reading ability will be improved.

[析]英語句子的特點之一是重“形合”，句子的各個部分要由各種連詞、關系詞等連接起來；而漢語句子是重“意合”，句子前后連接主要是通過上下文的邏輯意義來實現的，連接詞的使用遠遠少于英語，由于這一特點，很多學生在寫作時往往忘了使用連接詞，造成諸多病句。

[鞏固練習4]

1) A person has not enough food, he will not have a healthy body.

2) I am tired, I must go on working.

3) China is still a developing country, most people can not afford a car yet.

4) You use your head, you will find a way.

5) The teacher spoke slowly, the students might understand her.

6) I arrived at the station, the train had left.

7) We all went home after the picnic, it had started to rain.

8) We were looking for your new coat, we could not find it.

9) The sun warms the earth, this makes it possible for the plants grow.

10) His bedroom seemed empty there were only two chairs, a small desk and a bed.

3. 用詞累贅

[誤]If you lend me 50 dollars, I’ll repay back you next week.

[正]If you lend me 50 dollars, I’ll repay you next week.

[析]“累贅”現象普遍存在于學生習作中，要避免這一現象的發生，必須加強語言基本功訓練，學習中要勤思多練，同時熟記一些易于出現“累贅”現象的單詞和語句。

[鞏固練習3]

1) The teacher repeated that sentence again.

2) Lesson Nine is more easier than Lesson Ten.

3) Her future plan is that she is going to study abroad.

4) Li Ping hurries to go to school every day.

5) I have returned you the book you lent it to me last week.

6) The old man lives alone by himself.

7) He woke at six a.m. in the morning.

8) Wei Hua is frightened with fear by the strange sound coming from the next room.

9) I received a letter from Jim in last week.

10) The box is too heavy for the weak girl to carry it.

2. 詞性混淆

[誤]When people have difficult, we should help them.

[正]When people have difficulty, we should help them.

[析]詞匯對于寫作相當重要，詞匯量越大越便于寫作。但是，很多學生平時在記單詞時，光記拼寫、讀音和詞義，忽視詞性，這是不對的。因為英語句子的各個成分都是由一定詞性的詞來充當的。

[鞏固練習2]

1) He against your plan.

2) She often by bus to school.

3) A week past before his letter arrived.

4) She always does her homework careful.

5) Can you tell Asia elephants from African elephants?

6) Fortunate, people are beginning to realize how serious the pollution is.

7) My brother down into the cold water.

1. 關系不一致

英語語法要求意義一致。所謂意義一致，不僅知主謂在人稱或數上一致，還應取決于主語所表達的實際意義。違反了這一原則，就會產生不一致的錯誤。

[誤]If she have much money, she can buy many things that she want.

[正]If she has much money, she can buy many things that she wants.

[鞏固練習1]

1) The secretary and manager were present at the meeting yesterday.

2) Joan with other three girls have been to Beijing.

3) In spite of its small size, these cameras can take very good pictures.

4) He closed the door and hurries away to class.

5) He lived in the countryside for two years, and his life there was always remembered by him.

6) If I were your, I won’t do that.

7) We have been to Europe many time.

獨立分句之間的連接方式有三種：1. 用并列連詞連接；2. 用分號和連接副詞或由分號單獨連接(意義比較緊密的句子)；3. 用句號連接。

在書面表達中，有不少考生不注意標點符號的使用，或都是句號，或一逗到底，因此失分，甚為可惜。還有一些是因為受漢語的影響而出現錯誤。如：

His house is next to the school, he is always the first to come.

這個句子是錯誤的。這種用逗號分開，而又不相互依存的兩個或多個簡單句構成的整句在英語中是錯誤的。可改為：

His house is next to the school, so he is always the first to come.

Because his house is next to the school, he is always the first to come.

The most significant dates of the Civil War were April 12, 1861; July 3, 1863; April 9, 1865.

注意：

在任何一種位置上，分號都僅出現在并列成分之間，即兩個語法成分相同的成分之間。再如：

A hundred years ago, 50 percent of Americans were farmers; today, only 4 percent are farmers.

3. 分號――由逗號和句號合并而成，它是強于逗號、弱于句號的分隔號。主要用于：

(1) 用于兩個獨立的分句之間。凡兩個分句沒有并列連詞and, but, or, nor, for等連接時，就必須用分號。

The girls did the dishes; the boys swept the floor.

First he learned Spanish; later he also took French.

(2) 用在由連接副詞連接的獨立成分之間。在連接副詞however, therefore, consequently, nevertheless, moreover, accordingly, also, thus, otherwise等連接的獨立分句之間，要用分號。

There was more money left; therefore, we decided to plan a trip to Qingdao.

Most of the class went on the trip; however, Liu Hua stayed at school.

My alarm didn’t go off on time; consequently, I missed the train.

(3) 分隔帶有逗號的一些列詞組和從句。

He had a car, which he hadn’t paid for; a wife, whom he didn’t love; and a father, who was very old.