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3．不定式進(jìn)行式表示不定式的動(dòng)作，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。

例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.

2．不定式完成式表示不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。

例如：I’m sorry to have broken your glasses.

1．　 動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作可能與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可能在其之后發(fā)生。

例如：I saw the young man enter the house.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)

　 I hope to go there next time.(之后發(fā)生)

　　　 動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞非謂語形式的一種,由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞特征，也有名詞特征。

　　　 動(dòng)名詞在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語和定語。例如：

⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.

　 　　　(作主語)

⑵ My job is looking after children.

　　　　　　　 　　　 　(作表語)

⑶ I have finished reading the novel.

　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　 (作賓語)

⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.

　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　(做定語)

　　　 動(dòng)名詞的否定形式由not +動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。例如：

　　　 He made me angry by not taking the medicine.

　　　 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞所有格或物主代詞加上動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。例如：

　　　 Would you mind my opening the door?

　　　 動(dòng)名詞的一般式，表示的動(dòng)作可以與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或在前，或在后。

例如：

　　　 We all enjoy listening to music.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)

　　　 Do you remember meeting me there?(在謂語動(dòng)詞前發(fā)生)

　　　 動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前完成的動(dòng)作。例如：

　　　 I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.

　　　 She attended the party without being invited.

第二節(jié) 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

(五)分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：

Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. 　　 The meeting being over, they all left the room.

(四)分詞的否定形式

分詞的否定式，由not+分詞構(gòu)成，例如：

Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.

(三)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式

被動(dòng)一般式　 being done

被動(dòng)完成式　 having been done

This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.

Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.

(二)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)

現(xiàn)在分詞分一般式和完成式，而過去分詞則沒有時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化。

現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。例如：

Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.

現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)，表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。常用作狀語。例如：

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.

4．作狀語

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.

Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.

分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語。

3．作賓語補(bǔ)足語

I heard him singing a song in the classroom.

We found the ground covered with snow.