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2. All but one ______ here just now.

　 A. is　　 　　　　　　　　　 B. was　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. has been　 　　　　　　　 D. were

例1、He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is　　　　 B. are　　　　 C. have been　　　　 D. has been

答案為D。

[解析]　 這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。在one前是否有定冠詞決定定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式：one of the students中的先行詞是the students，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the only one of the students中的先行詞是the only one，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。又因“for three years”是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。

例2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

　　 A. work　　　　 B. working 　　　　　　　　 C. is working 　　　　　　　 D. are working

答案：C

[解析] Professor Smith決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)；his assistants和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)無(wú)關(guān)。

例3、Not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it.

A.　　 the teacher himself is … all his students are

B.　　　 the teacher himself is …are all his students　

C.　　　 is the teacher himself　 …are all his students　

D.　　 is the teacher himself …all his students are

答案為D.

[解析]　 not only …but (also )連結(jié)兩個(gè)句子，用部分倒裝。

例4、----“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.”

----“So do I.”

A. hope　　 B. hopes　　 C. hoping　　　 D. hoped

答案為B。

[解析]　 “each of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

例5、E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing　　 B. have played　　 C. are playing　 D. hoped

答案為A。

[解析]　 本題考察主謂一致，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as短語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受as well as之后的名詞影響，仍然和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

例6、Books of this kind ______ well.

A. sell　　　 B. sells　　　 C. are sold　　 D. is sold

答案為A。

[解析]　 “kind(s) of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)依kind 單復(fù)數(shù)而定；“復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + of this/that kind ”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)依of 前面的名詞而定。本題中sell 用作不及物動(dòng)詞表示“銷售”。

例7、Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used　　 B. are used　　 C. has been used　　 D. have been used

答案為C。

[解析]　 mean單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一個(gè)形式。在本題中代表單數(shù)。

例8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.

A. are not decided　　 B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided　　 D. has not been decided

答案為D。

[解析]　 不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

例9、The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different

reasons.

A. were, was　　 B. was, was　　 C. was, were　　 D. were, were

答案為C。

[解析]　 “the number of” 表示“……的數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；“a number of”表示“許多”，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

例10、______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.

　 A. Two fifth…is　　　　 B. Two fifth…are　 　 C. Two fifths…is 　　 D. Two fifths…are

答案為C。

[解析]　 考察數(shù)詞和主謂一致。分?jǐn)?shù)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟分?jǐn)?shù)詞所修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。

第三節(jié) 鞏固練習(xí)

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. His “Selected Poems” ______ first published in 1965.

A. were　 　　　　　　　 B. was　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. has been　　 　　　　　　 D. were

5、　 主語(yǔ)前有every或each修飾時(shí)，無(wú)論有幾個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

例如：Every teacher and every student in our school has been to the Century Park.

4、　 主語(yǔ)后面跟有介詞with或together with 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般與前面的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)一致。

例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.

3、　 由數(shù)詞+表示重量、里程、時(shí)間、金錢等名詞所構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)，是當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體看待的，后面用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

例如：Five minutes is too short.

　　　 Ten dollars is enough.

2、　 些名詞如news, maths, physics等雖然有詞尾“s”但意義上是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 例如：The news is wonderful. 　　　 Physics is an interesting subject.

1、　 集體名詞看作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，看作各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如：His family isn’t large. 　　　 His family are all fond of music.

　　 出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱單復(fù)數(shù)須和最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There be, Here be句型中動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)必須與后置的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。當(dāng)be后面的主語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列成分時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞往往與最鄰近的一個(gè)一致。

例如：There is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table.

There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.

兩個(gè)做主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用靠近原則。

例如：Neither you nor I am right.

Not only the students but also the teacher is going to attend the meeting.

　　　 但如果用as well as連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)用靠前原則

例如：Mary as well as you is my friend.

第一節(jié)　　　　　　　　 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

　　 主語(yǔ)形式是單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義要用復(fù)數(shù)；反之主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。如表示一筆錢，一段時(shí)間，一定重量時(shí)，這些單位雖是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。

例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time.

Two hundred dollars was spent on the books.

有些集體名詞，如family, group, class等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，作為整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：My family is a happy one.

My family are watching TV.

一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

Learning English is very important.

學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)是很重要的。

The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing.

Both Bob and Tom are my friends.

但如果并列的主語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人，同一類物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.

由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前，如果分別有each, every等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。

例如：Every boy and every girl was given a present.

Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.