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2. 書(shū)信：

A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.

B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...

C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.

D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.

E. How nice to hear from you again.

3. 口頭通知或介紹情況：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make.

B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.

4. 演講稿：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.

B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.

二．并列用語(yǔ)：

as well as, not only…but (also), including,

A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.

B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.

C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French  as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.

D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

三．對(duì)比用語(yǔ)：

on one hand ,on the other hand,  on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless

A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though.

C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.

四. 遞進(jìn)用語(yǔ)：

even, besides, what’s more, as for,  so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse

A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.

五. 例證用語(yǔ)：

in one’s opinion,  that is to say,  for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely

A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．

B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.

六. 時(shí)序用語(yǔ)：

first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time, in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,

A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.

B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.

七. 強(qiáng)調(diào)用語(yǔ)：

especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,

A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

B What in the world/on earth are you doing?

八. 因果用語(yǔ)：

thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to...

A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.

B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.

九. 總結(jié)用語(yǔ)：

in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all

A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.

B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.

常用句型

（一）段首句

1. 關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為……

There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that

……

2. 俗話說(shuō)（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場(chǎng)合仍然適用。

There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it

is correct in many cases even today.

3. 現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。

Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……

Second,……What makes things worse is that…….

4. 現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因?yàn)椤�…，另外（而且）……�?/p>

Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like …… because ……

Besides，……

5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages

and disadvantages.

6. 關(guān)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同，一些人認(rèn)為（說(shuō)）……，在他們看來(lái)，……

People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say

that ……To them,……

7. 人類(lèi)正面臨著一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題……，這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。

Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門(mén)話題，特別是在年青人當(dāng)中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。

……h(huán)as become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來(lái)越重要的作用，它給我們帶來(lái)了許多好處，但同時(shí)也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。

……h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it

has  brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it

can be seen that……while. Obviously，……but why?

（二）中間段落句

1. 相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認(rèn)為……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……t the same time，they

say……

2. 但是，我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don't think it is a very good way to solve …….For example，……Worst

of all，…….

3. ……對(duì)我們國(guó)家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

……is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First，……What's

more, ……Most important of all,……

4. 有幾個(gè)可供我們采納的方法。首先，我們可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……

5. 面臨……，我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來(lái)……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….

For one thing，F(xiàn)or another，

6. 早就應(yīng)該拿出行動(dòng)了。比如說(shuō)……，另外……。所有這些方法肯定會(huì)……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All

these measures will certainly…….

7. 為什么……？第一個(gè)原因是……；第二個(gè)原因是……；第三個(gè)原因是……。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，……的主要原因是由于…… 　　

Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The

third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個(gè)方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has

its own disadvantages, such as ……

9. 盡管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……這種觀點(diǎn)（陳述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….

（三）結(jié)尾句

1. 至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點(diǎn)，我認(rèn)為……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I

think that ……

2. 總而言之，整個(gè)社會(huì)應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個(gè)問(wèn)題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來(lái)……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.

3. 但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)（好處）。例如，……，而……。然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于（喜歡）……

But ……and……h(huán)ave heir own advantages. For example, …… while……

Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……

4. 就我個(gè)人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅(jiān)信美好的未來(lái)正等著我們。因?yàn)椤��?/p>

Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright

future is awaiting us because……

5. 隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每個(gè)人都愿為社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)自己的一份力量，這個(gè)社會(huì)將要變得越來(lái)越好。

With the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better

and better.

6. 至于我（對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，就我而言），我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣，我們才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……

7. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同樣重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First

……second …… Last but not least,……

8. 在總體上很難說(shuō)……是好還是壞，因?yàn)樗�在很大程度上取決于……的形勢(shì)。然而，就我個(gè)人而言，我發(fā)現(xiàn)……。

It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends

very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view

find……

9. 綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion

that……

10. 如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢(shì)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應(yīng)該做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable

result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is

常用句型：

開(kāi)頭：

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出觀點(diǎn)：

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

進(jìn)一步提出觀點(diǎn)：

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...

Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

舉普通例子：

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

講故事

（先說(shuō)故事主體），this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因：

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

進(jìn)行對(duì)比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上啟下：

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

讓步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

結(jié)尾：

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...