Question

【題目】 You may have heard that humans only use ten percent of their brain, and that if you could unlock the rest of your brainpower, you could do so much more. You could become a super genius, or acquire psychic powers like mind reading.

This “ten-percent myth” has inspired many references in the cultural imagination. In the 2014 movie Lucy, for example, a woman develops godlike powers thanks to drugs that release the previously inaccessible 90 percent of her brain.

Contrary to the ten-percent myth, however, scientists have shown that humans use their entire brain throughout each day.

Over the years, brain scientists have shown that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific functions, whether it’s recognizing colors or problem solving. Contrary to the ten-percent myth, scientists have proven that every part of the brain is integral for our daily functioning.

Research has yet to find a brain area that is completely inactive. Even studies that measure activity at the level of single neurons(神經元) have not revealed any inactive areas of the brain.

Many brain imaging studies that measure brain activity when a person is doing a specific task show how different parts of the brain work together. For example, while you are reading this text on your smartphone, some parts of your brain, including those responsible for vision and reading comprehension, will be more active.

A more direct counter to the ten-percent myth lies in individuals who have suffered brain damage – like through a stroke(中風)– and what they can no longer do, or do as well, as a result of that damage. If the ten percent myth is true, then damage to many parts of our brain shouldn’t affect your daily functioning. Studies have shown that damaging a very small part of the brain may have devastating consequences.

If someone experiences damage to Broca’s area(布羅卡氏區), for example, they can understand language but can’t speak fluently.

In one highly publicized case, a woman in Florida permanently lost her “capacity for thoughts, perceptions, memories, and emotions that are the very essence of being human” when a lack of oxygen destroyed half of her brain.

【1】What is the passage mainly about?

A.The ten percent myth is not true.

B.Brain scientists have a long way to go.

C.Human brain is much more powerful than we imagine.

D.All parts of the brain are equally important.

【2】Why does the writer mention the movie “Lucy”?

A.To show the power of women.

B.To introduce an interesting story.

C.To fight against the ten percent myth.

D.To show the influence of ten percent myth.

【3】It can be inferred that Broca’s area is responsible for ________.

A.listeningB.writingC.speakingD.reading

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章反駁了一個長期以來大家相信的謬論，即人腦只被利用了百分之十。科學研究表明，人腦的每一部分都參與到日常活動中。沒有發現任何一部分是靜止不動的。

【1】主旨大意題。文章第一二段提出了人腦只被利用了百分之十這個謬論以及它帶給人們的影響。由第三段Contrary to the ten-percent myth, however, scientists have shown that humans use their entire brain throughout each day可知，然而，與10%的神話相反，科學家已經證明人類每天都在使用他們的整個大腦。后面的段落都是為了反駁這個謬論。所以整篇文章就是為了證明人腦只被利用了百分之十這個謬論是錯誤的。故選A。

【2】推理判斷題。提到這部電影的名稱就是為了說明段落主題句This “ten-percent myth” has inspired many references in the cultural imagination.（這個人腦只被利用了百分之十的謬論在文化界有很多人參考），也就是作者提到電影《露西》是為了說明這個謬論對人們的影響。故選D。

【3】推理判斷題。由倒數第二段“If someone experiences damage to Broca’s area(布羅卡氏區), for example, they can understand language but can’t speak fluently.”可知，如果一個人布羅卡氏區受損，他們只能理解語言但是不能流利地說出來，由此可推知，布羅卡氏區負責說話的能力。故選C。

主旨大意題是篇章閱讀一個主要的考察方式，也是高考閱讀中每年的必考題。主旨大意題解題技巧是不要被文章細節所干擾。一般有兩種方式解題：一是看首尾段，根據首尾段內容總結主題思想；二是看每段段首句，根據所有段首句總結主題思想。本文第一題就是主旨大意題，首先根據說明文的問題推斷，主旨一般會在文章首段或前幾段提出，我們確定主旨后，再分析篇章結構，確定下文是通過一定的方法論證主旨的，這樣可以二次確定文章主旨選的對不對。具體解題過程參看詳解，同學們需要抓住的是這個解題思路。