Question

　Francis Bacon, one of the most important philosophers(哲人) of England, was born in London and educated at Cambridge University. When he was only 15, he went to France to work for the English ambassador (大使) . Two years later he went back to England to study law. At the age of twenty-three he was chosen to parliament (議會). His ideas about how scientists should study things in nature help to bring the modern way of thinking, called the scientific method.

　　One of the Bacon’s best-known books was his Essays. Each essay was a short piece of writing in which he tried to give a lesson by discussing sides of a subject such as studying, conversation, friends and healthy living. In many of his books, Bacon explained how scientists should study things as they really existed in nature and then tried to figure out what caused a particular thing to be as it was. Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result. This method, which is called inductive reasoning, is used by all the scientists today, but it was new in Bacon’s time.

5. According to the passage we know that ____.

　 A. Francis Bacon was the most important philosopher of England

　 B. Francis Bacon had good education

　C. Francis Bacon worked for a French ambassador at the age of 15

　　D. Francis Bacon stayed in France until he was 23

6. The underlined phrase “inductive reasoning” in the last paragraph means____.

　　A. to discover general laws from particular facts or examples

　　B. to reach a conclusion by reasoning from general laws to a particular case

　　C. to study things as they used to be

　　D. to study things in a particular way

7. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. Bacon was a learned man.

　　B. Bacon did a lot of philosophy.

　　C. The inductive reasoning was widely used both today and in Bacon’s time.

　　D. Bacon gave scientists much useful advice.

Answer 1

【小題1】B

【小題2】A

【小題3】C

解析:

5. 【小題1】 本題為推斷題。根據第一段第一句可知，培根是在劍橋大學接受的教育，可知他受過良好的教育。本題也可用排除法選出正確答案，由短文的“one of the most important philosophers”可把A排除；由“he went to France to work for the English ambassador”可把C排除；由“Two years later, he went back to England to study law”可知，培根17歲就回到了英國學習法律，因此D是錯誤的。正確答案為B。

6. 【小題2】本題為詞義猜測題。詞義猜測題應根據其上下文的意思來猜測生詞或詞組的意思。本題可由該詞組所在句的上句“Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result.”得出答案。

7. 【小題3】 本題為判斷題。本文最后一句告訴我們歸納推理(inductive reasoning)的方法在培根時代并沒有廣泛運用，由此判斷出C項是錯誤的