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Do you often carry maps when you travel to foreign countries? Maps can show you the right directions．But   1   if you have left the maps somewhere or you haven，t got them? I’m afraid that you’ll have to  2  directions．

    Traveling in Japan，you are often puzzled because most streets there don，t have names．The Japanese use landmarks(界標)in their directions  3  street names．So when you ask“Excuse me．Could you tell me  4  the nearest post office?，，they often say,“Go straight along the road．Take the second turning on the left and  5   a supermarket．The post office is across from the hospital”．

    In the countryside of the American Midwest，usually there are not many landmarks．There are no mountains，So the land is very flat．In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles．Instead of landmarks，people will tell you directions and   6  .In Kansas or Iowa，for example，people will say to you，“Go east three miles．Turn north and then walk another mile．You can’t  7  it．”

    People in Los Angeles，California，have no idea of distance of the map：they measure(測量)distance  8  means of time，not miles．“How far away is the nearest post office?”you ask．“Oh，”they answer,“It’s  9  from here．”You say,“Yes，but how many miles away is it?”They have no idea．

    People in Greece(希臘)sometimes do not try to give directions because visitors seldom(很少)understand the Greek language．Instead of giving you the direction，a Greek  10  body language to help you understand directions or he will simply say,“Follow me.”Then he’ll lead you through the streets of the City to the post office．

(  )1．A．what to do    B．how to do  C．what happens D．what

(  12．A．ask          B．ask for    C．find        D．show

(  )3．A．because of    B．instead of  C．as          D．instead

(  )4．A．how to get to   B．how can I get to C．which the way to D．how far is it from

(  )5．A．go through    B．past       C．go past     D.go to

(  )6．A．names       B．places    C．the time     D．distances

(  )7．A．miss         B．10se     C．see         D．find

(  )8．A．on           B．as      C．through      D．by

(  )9．A．ten minutes，walk B．ten．minute walk  C．ten minute’s  D．walking ten minutes

(  )l0．A．often use    B．often used    C．will often use D．used to use

They saw a        tree．

A．ten-meters-high       B．ten meters high C．ten-meter-high         D．ten-meter-high

Do you know why different animals or pests (昆蟲) have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.

　　Some birds like eating locusts (蝗蟲), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops(莊稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.

If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters (獵人). This is because they have the colors much like the trees.

Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液體)when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over (散開), its enemies (敵人)cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.

1.From the passage we learn that locusts________.

2.How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger?

3.Bears and lions can keep safe because _________.

4.Why can the kind of fish live up to now?

5.Which is the best title for this passage?

—______ has your uncle _____ the village?

      —Since 1999.He is in Shanghai now.

   A. How long; been away from

   B. When; been away from

   C. How long; left