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It is sometimes said that the English are polite people. This can make life difficult for foreigners. Suppose a
foreign boy asks an English girl to go out with him and she says, "If I finish my work, I'll meet you in the cafe
at 7 o'clock." Is she saying "yes" or "no" to his invitation?
In grammatical terms, she is using the conditional structure (表示條件的句式). By using the conditional,
speakers of English can avoid (避免) giving a "yes" or "no" answer to a question. It enables people to be
diplomatic(婉轉的). If the girl doesn't want to go out with the boy, she won't appear at the cafe. She will let him
understand she is still working. If she wants to go out with him, but doesn't want to appear too easy to catch,
she has achieved (達到) that with her reply. Here she uses the first conditional which shows probability, it seems
that she will go to the cafe. Being polite can make life very difficult!
The conditional is often used by people like politicians (政客), for example--who wish to avoid speaking out
their ideas. This is very important if they are on their way to discuss an agreement. No one wants to give away
his or her points before he or she starts. A government spokesman might say to a group of workers, "If we
could pay you more, we would." The use of the conditional here makes room for argument although the speaker
is using the second conditional form, which shows improbability. So it is unlikely the workers will get their rise.
"If " is a small word, which often appears in the English language. It can show politeness, reported speech
and conditionals such as the First—probability—if I can come to your party, I will; the Second—improbability—
if I saw you tomorrow, I'd give you the book; and the Third—impossibility (meaning it is too late to change
something that has happened)—if you have told me, I would have helped you.
1. The using of the conditional can make a speech ______.
A. clearer
B. quicker
C. more polite
D. more exciting
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Language used in the news should make room to argue.
B. Usually English girls are not easy to catch.
C. English people never speak out their ideas in public.
D. The word "if" can show different meanings.
3. According to the passage, "If it doesn't rain tomorrow, I will go with you" means ______.
A. I will go with you tomorrow.
B. I won't go with you until it rains tomorrow.
C. I may go with you tomorrow.
D. I won't go with you tomorrow.
4. In the passage, "If we could pay you more, we would." probably means _______.
A. the workers will make more money
B. the spokesman doesn't give any promise (答應)
C. the spokesman keeps his word (食言)
D. the workers' problems aren't difficult
5. This passage is mainly talking about ______.
A. the conditional in communication
B. how to invite a girl in Britain
C. British people and their life
D. some language points in daily English
