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普通名詞 1)不可數名詞注意:不可數名詞前一般不加冠詞.尤不加不定冠詞:若加a(an)則使之具體化了. 如:have a wonderful time.‚不可數名詞作主語.謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式.ƒ不可數名詞一般無復數形式.部分物質名詞在表不同類別時.可用復數形式.如:fishes, newspapers, waters, snows-- | | | 各種各樣的魚 各種報紙 河湖.海水 積雪„有些抽象名詞也常用復數.變為可數的具體的事物.如:times時代.works著作.difficulties困難…在表數量時.常用“of 詞組來表示.如:a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper-.2)可數名詞: 可數名詞除用復數形式表一類之外.一般都要加冠詞:A birdcaufly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.‚有復數形式:a)規則變化――加“s 或“es b)不規則變化――child , foot , man (men), woman , goose , Englishman ,phenomenon-注意:c)單.復數同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish--.如.a sheep, two sheepd)只用復數形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,- e)形復實單:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics.means.f)形單實復:people (人民.人們).the police, cattle等g)集合名詞如:family, public, group, class等.當作為整體時.為單數,當作為整體中的各個成員時.為復數.如: My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.h)復合名詞變復數時.(a)只把復合名詞中的主體各詞變為復數形式.如:sister(s)-in-law嫂子.弟妹,step-son (s)繼子,editor (s) -in-chief總編輯. (b)如沒有主體名詞則在最后一個詞的后面加“s .如:grown-up(s)成年人.go-between(s)中間人(c)woman, man作定語時.要與被修飾的名詞的數一致.如:a man servant―men servants, a woman doctor―women doctors二.名詞的所有格: 1.表有生命的東西的名詞所有格.一般在名詞后加“’s .如:Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights-注意:1)名詞復數的詞尾是-s或-es.它的所有格只在詞后加“s .如:Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home.the students’ reading-room2)復合名詞的所有格.在后面的詞后加“’s .如:her son-in-law’s photo,anybody else’s book3)如果一樣東西為兩人或兩人以上共有.則在最后的一個名詞后面加“’s , 如果不是共有.則每個詞后都要加“’s .如:Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海倫的房間. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比爾的收音機和湯姆的 收音機4)表地點的名詞所有格后面.一般省去它所修飾的名詞.如:the tailor’s (裁縫鋪) the doctor’s (診所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)5)有些表時間.距離.國家.城鎮的無生命的名詞.也可加“’s 表所有格.如:half an hour’s walk (半小時的路程) China’s agriculture (中國的農業)2.表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of構成詞組.表示所有格.如:the cover of the book 3.表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of.特別是名詞較長.有較多的定語時.如:the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate? 4.“of詞組+所有格 的用法:在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞.數詞.不定代詞或指示代詞(如:a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)時.常用“of詞組+所有格 的形式來表示所有關系.如:a friend of my father’s 我父親的一位朋友. some inventions of Edison’s 愛迪生的一些發明those exercise-books of the students’ 學生們的那些練習本.[專項訓練]:1.There are only twelve in the hospital. A.woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor2.Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school. A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law3.――How many does a cow have? ――Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies4.Some visited our school last Wednesday. A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens5.The of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs6.When the farmer returned home he found three missing. A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies7.That was a fifty engine. A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers8.My father often gives me . A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice9.Mary broke a while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup tea10.Can you give us some about the writer? A.informations B.information C.piece of informations D.pieces information11.I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread12.As is known to us all, travels much faster than . A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights13.She told him of all her and . A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears14.The rising did a lot of to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms15.――How far away is it from here to your school? ――It’s about . A.half an hour’s drive B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive16.The shirt isn’t mine. It’s . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs’ Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith’s17.Miss Johnson is a friend of . A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s18.Last week I called at my . A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’19.The beach is a throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s20.I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.Peter’ B.Peter C.Peters D.Peters’[答案]: 1.B 2.A 3.C stomach(胃)雖是“ch 結尾.但其發音為[k].所以加“s .不用加“es . 4.C 5.A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復數形式.直接加“s . 6.C 7.A 名詞作定語一般不用復數. 8.B 9.A 根據句意.打破的應是杯子.而不是茶,名詞作定語表類別不用加“’s . 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 根據上句.此處應是史密斯太太的襯衫. 17.D 18.C 19.D a stone’s throw是固定短語.意為“近在咫尺 . 20.B 此句中Peter作動名詞sailing的所有格.本應用Peter’s.但因其在動詞后作賓語.所以可用賓格.因此B為正確答案.知識要點: 在英語的句子中.謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數保持一致.如何判定.則要看句子的意思.多數情況下.根據句子的主語形式就能判定.但有的則要看整句的意思.及強調的內容.下面我們就常用的.易混的幾種情況作一下解釋.1.以單數名詞或代詞.不定式.動名詞短語或從句作主語時.謂語動詞要用單數形式.如:1)The book is on the table.2)He is reading English. 3)To work hard is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)4)How you get there is a problem.2.復數主語跟復數動詞.如:Children like to play toys. 3.在倒裝句中.動詞的數應和它后面的主語的數一致.如以here,there開頭.be 動詞與后面第一個名詞一致.如:1)There is a dog near the door.2)There were no schools in this area before liberation. 3)Here comes the bus.4)On the wall were two famous paintings.5)Here is Mr Brown and his children.4.and連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時.謂語動詞用復數.如果主語后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語.謂語動詞仍與短語前的主語的形式保持一致.如:1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2)He and my father work in the same factory.3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6)Every picture except these two has been sold.7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5.并列主語如果指的是同一個人.同一事物或同一概念時.謂語動詞用單數.and后面的名詞沒有冠詞.如:1)The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來我們學校.2)Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他們每日的食品.3)The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學校.6.and連接的并列單數名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時.謂語動詞要用單數形式.如:1)Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀請參加這次聚會.2)No teacher and no student is absent today.今天沒有老師和學生缺席.3)Many a student is busy with their lessons.許許多多的學生都忙著復習他們的功課.7.each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語時.謂語動詞用單數形式.如: 1)Each takes a cup of tea.2)Either is correct.3)Neither of them likes this picture.8.由every, some, any, no構成的合成代詞作主語時.謂語動詞用單數形式.如:1)Is everyone here?2)Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了.9.關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時.其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致.如:1)Those who want to go please sign their names here.2)Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3)He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10.表示時間.距離.價格.度量衡等的復數名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時.其謂語動詞常用單數形式.如:1)Three years is not a long time.2)Ten dollars is what he needs.3)Five hundred miles is a long distance.11.復數形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名.地點.國家.組織.書籍.報刊等).動詞用單數形式.如:1)The United States is in North America.2)The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議).3)“The Arabian Nights ()is an interesting book.12.有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience.government等作主語時.如看作是一個整體.謂語動詞則用單數形式,如強調各個成員時.謂語動詞要用復數形式.如:1)My family is going to have a long journey.我家要進行一次長途旅行.2)My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜歡音樂.3)The class has won the honour. 這班獲得了榮譽.4)The class were jumping for joy. 全班同學都高興得跳了起來.13.all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語時.既可表示復數意義.也可表示單數意義.謂語動詞要根據實際情況而定.如:1)All of the apple is rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了.2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了.3)Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具).14.the + 形容詞作主語時.常指一類人.謂語動詞用復數形式.如指的是抽象概念.謂語動詞則用單數形式.如:1)The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的.2)The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 現在傷病員們在這里受到了很好照顧.15.or, either-or-, neither-nor-, whether-or, not only-but 連接的是主語.謂語動詞與后一個主語一致.如:1)Either you or I am going to the movies.2)Not only you but also he is wrong.16.不可數名詞沒有復數形式.作主語時.謂語動詞用單數形式.如:1)Water is a kind of matter.2)The news at six o’clock is true.17.集合名詞如:people, police ,cattle等作主語.謂語動詞用復數形式.如: 1)The police are searching for him.2)The cattle are grassing (吃草).18.population當人口講時.謂語動詞用單數形式,當人們講時.謂語動詞用復數.如:1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2)One third of the population here are workers.19.the number of + 名詞復數.是表示“-的數字 .作主語時.謂語動詞用單數形式,a number of + 名詞復數.表示許多.作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式.1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2)A number of students have gone for an outing.20.means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語時.謂語動詞用單數形式.[專項訓練]1.Nothing but cars in the shop. A.is sold B.are sold C.were sold D.are going to sell2.No one except Jack and Tom the answer. A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are known3.Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside. A.is B.are C.comes D.are coming4. of the money used up. A.Three-five, are B.Three-fifths, have been C.Three-fifths, has been D.Third-fifths, is5.The number of the people who cars increasing. A.owns, are B.owns, is C.own, is D.own, are6.One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s. A.was B.were C.would be D.are7.The sheets for your bed washing. A.needs B.are needing C.want D.are wanting8.On each side of the street a lot of trees. A.stands B.grow C.is standing D.are grown9.Some person calling for you at the gate. A.are B.is C.is being D.will be10.All that can be eaten eaten up. A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been11.Tom’s teacher and friend Mr. Smith. A.are B.is C.are being D.has12.Your new clothes fit you, but mine me. A.doesn’t fit B.don’t fit C.doesn’t fit for D.don’t fit for13.Neither he nor I for the plan. A.am B.are C.is D.were14.Many a student that mistake before. A.has made B.have made C.has been made D.had made15.Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog. A.is B.are C.were D.seems16.Laying eggs the ant queen’s full-time job. A.is B.are C.has D.have17.Between the two buildings a monument. A.stand B.stands C.standing D.is standing18.I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow. A.am B.is C.are D.was 查看更多

 

題目列表(包括答案和解析)

2009.湖南卷)寫作(滿分25分)

假設你是某中學新老師李紅,請給你的朋友張華寫一封信,告訴他你第一天上課的情況,主要內容如下:

1. 描述一件課堂上令你印象深刻的事情;

2. 介紹你處理該事的方式;

3. 談談你的感想。

注意:

1. 詞數不少于120個;

2. 可適當發揮想象,增加細節,以使行文連貫;

3. 文中不得出現與本人及學校相關的任何真實信息。

 

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最近,你校有人建議高薪聘請外教擔任英語教師,作為經濟條件一般的中學,此事在你校引起了爭議。現在,請根據下表提示寫篇英語短文,介紹討論情況并發表你的觀點。

贊成方意見
反對方意見
1.可提升學生口語和聽力能力
2.可促進學校對外交流并提高英語教學水平
1.不能和他校盲目攀比
2.所需經費可用于支付貧困生
注意:
1.詞數:100左右,短文的開頭已為你寫出(不計入總詞數)
2.不能逐字翻譯,但可適當增加細節,使行文連貫;
3.參考詞匯:
促進 promote v. 和……攀比 vive with v.
Recently, we’ve had a heated argument about the suggestion that our school should employ a foreign teacher to teach English. Some of us think                                         

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學校將為2011屆學生舉行畢業典禮,邀請你作為學生代表發言。請你用英語寫一篇發言稿,要點如下:

1)感謝父母、老師和同學;

2)簡單敘述對學校生活的感受;

3)對未來的展望。

注意:1) 詞數不少于100;

2) 不要逐條翻譯,可適當增加細節,以使行文連貫;

3) 文章開頭已給出,不計入總詞數。

Dear teachers and schoolmates,

Good morning!It is a great honor for me to deliver a graduation speech on behalf of my classmates.                                                               

 

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2009.湖北卷):短文寫作(共1題;滿分25分,

假設你是華華,與英國網友湯姆約定用對方的母語通信,以提高各自的外語水平。最近你收到湯姆的電子郵件(附后),發現有一個成語使用不當。請根據下列要點,用英文回一封電子郵件。

要點:

1.不應使用 “無所不為”,應使用 “無所事事”;

2.說明這兩個成語的用法;

3.給予鼓勵。

注意:  1.詞數為1叨左右;

2.參考釋義:無所不為一do all kinds of bad things

無所事事一have nothing to do

3.除以上兩個成語外,郵件中不得使用其它漢字或拼音;

4. 電子郵件的開頭和結尾已為你寫好(不計人你所寫詞數),但不得抄人答題卡。

附(湯姆的郵件):

華華,你好!

近幾天在忙什么事?有什么有意思的事嗎?我們的學校放假了,所以這幾天在家無所不為,飽食終日,只好上網發伊妹兒。沒意思。我決定找份工作,做個自食其力的人。祝好!

湯姆

(以下所給內容不得抄入答題卡)

Hi! Tom

Nice to read your e-mail today. I noticed you’ve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly.

Hop you’ll find a good job soon.

Huahua

 

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第二節:書面表達(共25分)
現在你已是一名高中生了,假如你叫李華,請根據以下提示和要求給你媽媽發一封電子郵件。
母親節快要到了,為了感恩母親,你該向她說什么呢?
提示:1、感謝母親多年的養育和教育之恩。
2、美好回憶:惹她生氣時,她總能理解我;生病時,她總能給我最好的照顧;考試成績不好時,她總能鼓勵我;教會我要幫助有困難的人及如何做人等。
3、向媽媽談談你的理想和打算。
要求:1、不能逐詞逐句地翻譯,可以適當地添加內容。
2、不少于120詞.    
Dear Mum,
How are you? Mother’s Day is drawing near, and I would like to say_______________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Yours,    
Li Hua

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