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One of the most important inventions is the invention of the telephone. The idea behind the telephone is simple. a system which changes sound into a series of electrical impulses of differing frequencies （頻率）, and then reverses this procedure to recreate the sound.

As early as 1831, Mickael Faraday proved that vibrations （震動） of metal could be changed into electrical impulses. This was the basic principle of the telephone, but no one made us of such technology until 1861, when German inventor, Johann Reis, successfully built some equipment that changed sound to electricity and back again. The equipment had built some equipment that changed sound to electricity and back again. The equipment had many flaws, unable to transmit many frequencies and therefore was never fully developed.

Two men in the United States Elisa Gray and Alexander Graham Bell （a Scottish inventor）, both worked hard to create what would be known as the telephone almost at the same time, and amazingly both filed for a patent within hours of one another, Bell beating his rival by merely two hours on February 14 th, 1876.

The first comprehensible telephone conversation was said to have taken place between Bell and his assistant, who was sitting in another room. Bell said, “Come here, Watson, I want you”, which Watson successful heard via the receiver and the invention of the telephone was complete. The Bell Telephone Company （AT&T） was soon established and grew to be the largest telephone company in existence.

The following year, in 1877, the first telephone system was put in place in Hartford, Connecticut, while the first exchange linking two cities was established between Boston and New York in 1883. London hosted the first exchange put into practice outside the US in 1879.

The invention of the telephone is a hot topic within the inventor circle. Many believe it to be Alexander Grabam Bell, while others believe it to be Antonio Meucci, Philip Reis, or Elisha Gray.

1．We know from the passage that         .

       A．it took almost thirty years for Michael Faradmy’s discovery to be put into use

       B．two Americans worked independently and invented the telephone at the same time

       C．the first telephone conversation was between Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell

       D．London was the first city to put the first exchange into practice in the world

2．The underlined word “flaws” is closest in meaning to          

       A．advantages          B．parts                   C．disadvantages      D．usages

3．Which is the correct order of the following events?

     a. Michael Faraday proved the basic principle of the telephone.

       b. The first telephone system was put on place in Hartford.

       c. Alexander Graham Bell invented what is called the telephone.

       d. The first exchange was built between Boston and New York.

       e. The Bell Telephone Company （AT& T） was established.

       A．a, c, b, d, e          B．a, c, e, b, d          C．c, d, a, b, e          D．c, a, e, b, d

4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

       A．Many inventors worked together to invent the first telephone.

       B．The inventors talked a lot over the telephone when it was invented.

       C．Alexander Graham Bell was the only man to have invented the telephone.

       D．Many can’t agree on who the inventor of the telephone should be.