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The Japanese government has launched(發(fā)起)a campaign encouraging people to go to bed and get up extra early in order to reduce household carbon dioxide emissions(二氧化碳排放).

 The Morning Challenge campaign，put forward by the Environment Ministry, is based on the idea that swapping late night electricity for an extra hour of morning sunlight could greatly cut the nation’s carbon footprint．

  A typical family can reduce its carbon dioxide footprint by 85 kg a year if everyone goes to bed and gets up one hour earlier，according to the campaign．The amount of carbon dioxide emissions potentially saved from going to bed an hour early was equal to 20 percent of annual emissions from household lights，“Many Japanese people waste electric power at night time，for example by watching TV until very late,”a ministry spokesman told The Daily Telegraph.“But going to bed early and getting up early can avoid wasting electrical power which causes carbon dioxide emissions.” The campaign also proposes that people take advantage of an extra hour of morning sunlight by improving their lifestyles in general by running, doing yoga and eating a nutritious breakfast.

  It is the latest action dealing with climate change by the Japanese environment ministry，which is faced with the challenge of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 25 percent from 1990 levels within the next decade．

  It was the same government department that launched the Cool Business campaign five years ago, which encouraged workers to wear short—sleeved shirts and offices not to turn air conditioning lower than 28 degrees during the summer.

1..  Why are Japanese encouraged to go to bed and get up early?

    A. Because it is of great benefit to their health． 

B. Because Japan is a country without enough electricity.

C. Because it can give off less carbon dioxide． D. Because it is a good habit．

2... The underlined word“swapping” means___________.

   A. comparing    B. exchanging    C. turning   D. competing

3... In general，a Japanese family gives off _________of carbon dioxide every year.

A. 85 kg    B. 170 kg    C. 425 kg   D. 850 kg

4..  We can draw a conclusion that_________.

  A. People can save energy and reduce emissions by changing their lifestyle

  B. Japanese often don’t have nutritious breakfast

  C. Japanese prefer to wear short—sleeved shirts in summer

  D. Yoga is very popular with the old Japanese

5... What is the main idea of the passage?

  A. The Japanese government has launched the Cool Business campaign．

  B. What can we do to cut carbon emissions?

  C. Change your lifestyle and you can become healthy．

  D. Japanese are encouraged to go to bed an hour early to cut carbon emissions．

“A lot of learning comes through play,” says Mardy McGarry, 52, who has been a special education teacher for 28 years. But her students were too often left out. She had seen the wood chips and sand of traditional playgrounds stop wheelchairs dead in their tracks. When she wanted to build a playground for children with special needs，she knew it wouldn’t take long to develop interest in it around the small fishing village. But she never expected that 2,800 people — a third of the town—would all be willing to make a great effort to bring her vision to life.
McGarry started doing some research into play equipment and contacting design companies and she also found a piece of land available. When the city council(市議會) agreed to set aside an area for a playground, she also asked physical and professional therapists(治療專家) for their investment. And she turned to her friend, Sue, for help. “Neither of us is good at maths, which is why $450,000 didn’t sound like a lot of money,” McGarry says of the initial estimate.
Her Kiwanis Club came through with $7,000，and that’s when the grassroots movement really got started. One woman gave $25,000 and had her company match it. Soon, smaller businesses were joining in. There was a silent effort to collect money. The local Pieper Family Foundation offered to donate half of the remaining $170,000. All McGarry needed was 500 volunteers to work six 12-hour days.
On September 16, 2008, the first day of construction, they came. Two women heard about the project on the way to work and took the day off to help. A couple in their 80s operated their tractors. Ten-year-olds cleared up the mess. “None of them was paid. It was truly an amazing week,” says McGarry. Only three building managers were paid. Volunteers with “building experience” became coordinators(協(xié)調(diào)人); those who could operate power tools formed a separate group. One team served meals donated from local restaurants and churches, and another organized activities for the children of volunteers.
Today, Possibility Playground is one of the most popular destinations in Ozaukee County. All children, including the ones with special needs, play shoulder to shoulder. “Some playgrounds have special equipment in a different section. Here, you see all the kids in the same playground, all having fun.”
It’s exactly what McGarry imagined. “People used to ask, ‘Why do you want to build a playground just for children with disabilities?” She says, “It’s only when you build a playground for children with disabilities that you build one for all children.”
【小題1】 It didn’t occur to Mardy McGarry that __________.

A．her plan would soon draw the interest of people in the small village

B．so many people would volunteer to help her realize her dream

C．she would meet with so many difficulties in raising funds

D．the playground would be the most popular destination in Ozaukee County

Save the Animals

Animals are natural resources(資源) that people have wasted all through our history.

Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers(羽毛), for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.

Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.

Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.

For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鷹), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied(繁殖) quickly.

Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.

Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid(禁止) the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.

1.Animals are important to us mainly because __________.

 A. they give us a source of food                B. they are beautiful and lovely

 C. they keep the balance of nature              D. they give us a lot of pleasure

2.What has happened to the animals on the earth?

A. About 170 kinds of animals have disappeared forever.

B. Thousands of kinds of animals are gone forever.

C. A few kinds of animals have died out.

D. All kinds of animals are in danger.

3.Why do people kill animals?

A. They kill animals for something they need.

B. They kill animals to raise some money.

C. Animals destroy their natural resources.

D. Animals create many problems.

4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A. People care much about animals because they need them.

B. Killing all rats and mice may cause some new problems.

C. Once a certain kind of animal is gone forever, there will never be any more.

D. People must not kill any animal or plant.

5.What can we conclude from the fact that quite a few countries have passed laws protecting animals in danger?

A. Animals in danger will be kept away from people.

B. Animals in danger will not be killed any more.

C. The number of some animals in danger will increase.

D. Every person will know the importance of protecting wild animals.

For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon(干擾素), a possible wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of diseases, including virus infections, bacterial infections, and cancers. To date, the new drug has no side effect of great influence to discourage its use.  But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.

The reason for the shortage lies in the structure of interferon. A special protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so effective that the amount given to each patient each time is very small.

Unlike antibiotics (抗生素), interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead, it protects healthy cells from being infected, and prevents the reproduction of viruses within cells.

As you might conclude, one of the most special uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, a research physician at Sweden’s famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group of selected patients who had received operations for advanced cancer, half were given  traditional treatments and the other half were given interferon. Among those treated with interferon 70 percent of them remained alive over three years, as compared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who had received the traditional treatments.

In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now under way. If the experiment were successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time.

1.What is the difference between antibiotics and interferon?

A. Interferon has serious side effects, while antibiotics do not.

B. Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.

C. Antibiotics are very effective, while the effect of interferon is limited.

D. They are different in structure, although they are both proteins.

2. According to the passage, if 170 cancer patients received interferon treatment, how many of them would remain alive over three years?

A. About 30.

B. About 50.

C. About 120.

D. About 70.

3. The passage tells us that ________.

A. it is difficult to produce interferon in large quantities because of its special structure.

B. interferon is produced widely in lots of countries.

C. few of the patients who had received traditional treatments remained alive.

D. most of the patients who received interferon also needed traditional treatments.

B
Save the Animals
Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history.
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers(羽毛), for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.
Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.
Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.
For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks (鷹), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied (繁殖) quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws prohibit the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list.
61. Animals are important to us mainly because __________.
A . they give us a source of food             B. they are beautiful and lovely
C. they keep the balance of nature            D. they give us a lot of pleasure
62. What has happened to the animals on the earth?
A. About 170 kinds of animals have disappeared forever.
B. Thousands of kinds of animals are gone forever.
C. A few kinds of animals have died out.
D. All kinds of animals are in danger.
63. Why do people kill animals?
A. They kill animals for something they need.
B. They kill animals to raise some money.
C. Animals destroy their natural resources.
D. Animals create many problems.
64. What does the underlined word “prohibit” mean in the last paragraph?
A. prevent           B. stop              C. forbid            D. allow
65. What can we infer(推斷) from the fact that quite a few countries have passed laws protecting animals in danger?
A. Animals in danger will be kept away from people.
B. Animals in danger will not be killed any more.
C. The number of some animals in danger will increase.
D. Every person will know the importance of protecting wild animals.