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TOKYO — Our kids, the Japanese government announced, have forgotten how to behave. They can’t be bothered with housework. If they see someone being wronged, they probably look the other way.

Few countries have placed more importance on being well-behaved in public than Japan. The simplest requests for directions often result in guided tours. Smiling shopkeepers are still the rule. Lost wallets usually make their way to their owners.

But according to recent surveys(調(diào)查), all that may be going the way of the ancient hair-do(發(fā)式). And Japan’s government has gone into something of a crisis mode(危機時刻).

A Japanese Education Ministry Survey formed late in 1999 and made public last month found that Japan moves behind other nations in teaching youngsters right from wrong.

It also reported that Japanese children are less helpful and do far less housework than their foreign peers(同齡人) in all classes. But they are better about taking dirty dishes to the kitchens after dinner.

In addition, Japanese kids are more likely to dry their hair and carry cell phones than American and Chinese kids, according to another survey, by a Tokyo-based tank(專家小組).

Children in about 8 per cent of public school classrooms are so disorderly that teachers cannot hold lessons, further recent reports show. children refuse to sit, to listen or to stop talking.

Older and middle-aged Japanese continue to have a solid sense of good manners and social justice(正義, 公正), says Professor Yoshina Hirano from Shinshu University, who was appointed to direct the ministry’s survey.

Despite the knowledge of good manners among adults, the breakdown in manners may be spreading, he said.

1. From the first paragraph, we can infer that _______.

A. the Japanese government had gone bad

B. kids in Japan have a bad memory

C. kids in Japan seldom help their parents with housework

D. kids in Japan are too busy to help others

2. The second paragraph seems to show us that _______.

A. the education system of Japan is better than that of any other country

B. shopkeepers in Japan are too kind to their customers

C. Japanese kids often find wallets on their way to their schools

D. Japanese adults in public places act politely to each other

3. It is implied(暗含) in this passage that Japanese kids _______.

A. spending much time doing their homework　　　　

B. lead an advanced modern life

C. have their hair cut too often　　　　　　　　　　

D. often wash dishes after dinner

Eating a diet high in processed food(加工食品)increases the risk of depression，research suggests．What's more，peopie who ate plenty of vegetables，fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression，the University College London team found．
Data on diet among 3，500 middle-aged civil servants(公務(wù)員)were compared with their emotional state five years later，a British journal reported．They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which inc!udes lots of fruit， vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet，such as sweetened desserts，fried food，processed meat，refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender，age，education，physical activity，smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases，they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets．
Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26％ lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood．By contrast，people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods．
Study author Dr. Archana SinghManoux pointed out there was a chance the finding could be explained by fl lifestyle factor they had not accounted for．
There was a paper showing a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression，but the problem with that is if you live in Britain，the likelihood(可能性)of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high．
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh，chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation，said，this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health．
He added people's diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy．The UK population is consuming less nutritious，fresh produce and more saturated(含飽和脂肪酸的)fats and sugars．
【小題1】The text is mainly about         .

下面文章中有5處(第61～65題)需要添加小標題。請從以下選項(A、B、C、D、E和F)中選出符合各段意思的小標題。選項中有一項是多余選項。

A. Control of Respiration

B. Basic tips for preserving cut flowers

C. Role of Respiration

D. Most Important Aspect of Flower Care

E. Need for Clean Water

F. Ways of Stopping Respiration

1. __________

????????????? While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. The key to keeping fresh cut flowers for a week or more without floral preservatives (which contain biocides that kill bacteria and fungus) is to keep the water fresh and the stems free of air pockets so they can continue to draw up water.

2.__________

????????????? An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.

3.__________

????????????? Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.

4. __________

????????????? How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.

5. __________

????????????? Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白劑) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.

閱讀短文，完成問題。

Happiness and sadness are states of being that define the way we view the world. It is often said that some people by nature have a sunny character. Now scientists may have discovered why.

Some people may be born for happiness, while others are genetically negative, scientists have suggested in a study published late February in a British journal.

Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in determining how the neurotransmitter (神經(jīng)傳遞素) serotonin (含于血液中的復(fù)合胺) works within the brain. Serotonin, a hormone (荷爾蒙), passes chemical messages between nerve cells. It has been closely linked to mood. Several anti-depressant (抗抑郁) drugs regulate serotonin levels. Scientists had also identified three variants (變體) of the gene. Two so-called "short" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide attempts. Unlike the two "short" variants, the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images, such as fierce animals, and a clear liking for positive ones, such as flowers.

Researchers from the University of Essex in Britain, led by Elaine Fox, showed participants a series of images. The images were divided into three kinds: negative ones aimed at inspiring fear or stress such as a spider or person about to commit suicide, pleasant ones and neutral (中性的) ones. The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene "showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material," the researchers found. They paid close attention to the pretty pictures, and ignored the frightening ones. On the other hand, the short variant groups had the opposite reaction.

In January, the Australian government organized "happiness workshops", teaching government staff how to be happy. The department that held the "happiness workshops" said unhappy staff weren't productive staff. Australian political opposition parties have argued that the "happiness workshops" are probably a waste of money and couldn't increase productivity as intended. However, whether the workshop will have a happy or disappointing result, we will have to wait and see.

1. For the passage,by what means can we view the world?

A. Happiness and sadness.                                        B. Happiness and curiosity.

C. Sadness and amazement.                                      D. Disappointment and sadness.

2. What is most important in the role of deciding how the the neurotransmitter serotonin works within the brain?

A. The gene known as 5-HTTLPR.                            B. Three variants.

C. Neurotransmitter serotonin       .                                  D. A hormone.

3 Which of the following sentences is WRONG?

A. Serotonin, a hormone within the brain., passes chemical messages between nerve cells, which has been closely linked to mood.                              

B. Scientists identified the two "short" variants, and the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR which showed a clear hatred of negative images, such as fierce animals.  

C. Scientists identified three variants of the gene. Two so-called "long" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and murder attempts.                     

D. In terms of researchers’ research, the images were divided into three kinds: negative ones, pleasant ones and neutral ones.  

4. Why did the Australian government organize “Happiness workshops”?

A. To enrich staff’s free life.                                 

B. To teach staff the ways to be happy.

C. To prove the result of the researchers’ research.     

D. To test who weren’t productive staff.

5. What is the result of setting up “Happiness workshops” according to the last paragraph?

A. A waste of money.                                              

B. No effect on increasing productivity.

C. A disappointing result       .                                 

D. An uncertain result.