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Watching television more than two hours a day early in life can lead to attention problems later in adolescence, according to a study released on Tuesday.

      The roughly 40 percent increase in attention problems among heavy TV viewers was observed in both boys and girls. The link was established by a long-term study of the habits and behaviors of more than 1,000 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1972 and March 1973.

      The children aged 5 to 11 watched an average of 2.05 hours of weekday television. From age 13 to 15, time spent in front of the tube rose to an average of 3.1 hours a day.

      "Those who watched more than two hours, and particularly those who watched more than three hours, of television per day during childhood had above-average symptoms of attention problems in adolescence," Carl Landhuis of the University of Otago in Dunedin wrote in his report, published in the journal Pediatrics.

      Young children who watched a lot of television were more likely to continue the habit as they got older, but even if they did not the damage was done, the report said.

      "This suggests that the effects of childhood viewing on attention may be long lasting," Landhuis wrote.

      Landhuis offered several possible explanations for the association.

      One was that the rapid scene changes common to many TV programs may over stimulate（刺激）the developing brain of a young child, and could make reality seem boring by comparison. "Hence, children who watch a lot of television may become less tolerant of slower-paced and more mundane tasks, such as school work," he wrote.

      It was also possible that TV viewing may supplant other activities that promote concentration, such as reading, games, sports and play, he said.

      Previous studies have linked the sedentary固定不動(dòng)的）habit of TV watching among children to obesity and diabetes, and another study in the same journal cited the poor nutritional content of the overwhelming majority of food products advertised on the top-rated US. children's television shows.

      Up to 98 percent of the TV ads promoting food products that were directed at children aged 2 through 11 "were high in either fat, sugar, or sodium," wrote Lisa Powell of the University of Illinois in Chicago.

56. The recent survey shows that _________.

A. watching TV can cause all kinds of diseases for children

B. TV sets have played an important part in our daily lives

C. Watching TV over 2 hours a day early in life can cause attention problems later in adolescence

D. watching TV has side effects on children’s future

57. People used to think that _________.

A. watching TV more than 2 hours every day did good to children’s health

B. the sedentary habit of TV watching among children could easily lead to obesity and diabetes

C. the children wasn’t patient with their homework because of watching TV too much

D. it was very important for children to watching TV early in life

58. The underlined word “Hence” means _________.

A. In that case    B. And yet    C. On the contrary    D. For this reason

59. In Landhuis’ opinion, _________.

A. attention problems caused by watching TV during childhood may be hard to get rid of

B. how to develop children’s attention problems is a lasting problem

C. the key of settling attention problems is not watching TV too much

D. there shouldn’t have many food products ads on children's television shows

第二部分 閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）

A

Watching television more than two hours a day early in life can lead to attention problems later in adolescence, according to a study released on Tuesday.

      The roughly 40 percent increase in attention problems among heavy TV viewers was observed in both boys and girls. The link was established by a long-term study of the habits and behaviors of more than 1,000 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1972 and March 1973.

      The children aged 5 to 11 watched an average of 2.05 hours of weekday television. From age 13 to 15, time spent in front of the tube rose to an average of 3.1 hours a day.

      "Those who watched more than two hours, and particularly those who watched more than three hours, of television per day during childhood had above-average symptoms of attention problems in adolescence," Carl Landhuis of the University of Otago in Dunedin wrote in his report, published in the journal Pediatrics.

      Young children who watched a lot of television were more likely to continue the habit as they got older, but even if they did not the damage was done, the report said.

      "This suggests that the effects of childhood viewing on attention may be long lasting," Landhuis wrote.

      Landhuis offered several possible explanations for the association.

      One was that the rapid scene changes common to many TV programs may over stimulate（刺激）the developing brain of a young child, and could make reality seem boring by comparison. "Hence, children who watch a lot of television may become less tolerant of slower-paced and more mundane tasks, such as school work," he wrote.

      It was also possible that TV viewing may supplant other activities that promote concentration, such as reading, games, sports and play, he said.

      Previous studies have linked the sedentary固定不動(dòng)的）habit of TV watching among children to obesity and diabetes, and another study in the same journal cited the poor nutritional content of the overwhelming majority of food products advertised on the top-rated US. children's television shows.

      Up to 98 percent of the TV ads promoting food products that were directed at children aged 2 through 11 "were high in either fat, sugar, or sodium," wrote Lisa Powell of the University of Illinois in Chicago.

56. The recent survey shows that _________.

A. watching TV can cause all kinds of diseases for children

B. TV sets have played an important part in our daily lives

C. Watching TV over 2 hours a day early in life can cause attention problems later in adolescence

D. watching TV has side effects on children’s future

57. People used to think that _________.

A. watching TV more than 2 hours every day did good to children’s health

B. the sedentary habit of TV watching among children could easily lead to obesity and diabetes

C. the children wasn’t patient with their homework because of watching TV too much

D. it was very important for children to watching TV early in life

58. The underlined word “Hence” means _________.

A. In that case    B. And yet    C. On the contrary    D. For this reason

59. In Landhuis’ opinion, _________.

A. attention problems caused by watching TV during childhood may be hard to get rid of

B. how to develop children’s attention problems is a lasting problem

C. the key of settling attention problems is not watching TV too much

D. there shouldn’t have many food products ads on children's television shows

Watching television more than two hours a day early in life can lead to attention problems later in adolescence, according to a study released on Tuesday.
      The roughly 40 percent increase in attention problems among heavy TV viewers was observed in both boys and girls. The link was established by a long-term study of the habits and behaviors of more than 1,000 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1972 and March 1973.
      The children aged 5 to 11 watched an average of 2.05 hours of weekday television. From age 13 to 15, time spent in front of the tube rose to an average of 3.1 hours a day.
      "Those who watched more than two hours, and particularly those who watched more than three hours, of television per day during childhood had above-average symptoms of attention problems in adolescence," Carl Landhuis of the University of Otago in Dunedin wrote in his report, published in the journal Pediatrics.
      Young children who watched a lot of television were more likely to continue the habit as they got older, but even if they did not the damage was done, the report said.
      "This suggests that the effects of childhood viewing on attention may be long lasting," Landhuis wrote.
      Landhuis offered several possible explanations for the association.
      One was that the rapid scene changes common to many TV programs may over stimulate（刺激）the developing brain of a young child, and could make reality seem boring by comparison. "Hence, children who watch a lot of television may become less tolerant of slower-paced and more mundane tasks, such as school work," he wrote.
      It was also possible that TV viewing may supplant other activities that promote concentration, such as reading, games, sports and play, he said.
      Previous studies have linked the sedentary固定不動(dòng)的）habit of TV watching among children to obesity and diabetes, and another study in the same journal cited the poor nutritional content of the overwhelming majority of food products advertised on the top-rated US. children's television shows.
      Up to 98 percent of the TV ads promoting food products that were directed at children aged 2 through 11 "were high in either fat, sugar, or sodium," wrote Lisa Powell of the University of Illinois in Chicago.

56. The recent survey shows that _________.

A. watching TV can cause all kinds of diseases for children

B. TV sets have played an important part in our daily lives

C. Watching TV over 2 hours a day early in life can cause attention problems later in adolescence

D. watching TV has side effects on children’s future

57. People used to think that _________.

A. watching TV more than 2 hours every day did good to children’s health

B. the sedentary habit of TV watching among children could easily lead to obesity and diabetes

C. the children wasn’t patient with their homework because of watching TV too much

D. it was very important for children to watching TV early in life

58. The underlined word “Hence” means _________.

A. In that case    B. And yet    C. On the contrary    D. For this reason

59. In Landhuis’ opinion, _________.

A. attention problems caused by watching TV during childhood may be hard to get rid of

B. how to develop children’s attention problems is a lasting problem

C. the key of settling attention problems is not watching TV too much

D. there shouldn’t have many food products ads on children's television shows

Trees are useful to man in three important ways: They provide him with wood and other products; they provide him shade;. and they help to prevent droughts（早災(zāi)）and floods.

    Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important．In his eagerness to make money from trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And besides, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.

    This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even more serious: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil allowing the rain to sink in and also bind（固定）the soil, thus preventing it from being washed away easily；but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When the top-soil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert.

    Two thousand years ago，a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire(帝國）．It set up the empire, but, without its trees, its soil became poor and grew weak. When the empire fell to pieces, the home country found itself faced by floods and starvation（饑荒）．

1.The most important service of trees to man is that___________．

   A. they give them wood and other products      B. they give them shade

   C. they help him prevent droughts and floods    D. they help him made money

2.In many parts of the world, forests slowly disappear because___________．

   A. many trees have been cut down by man    B. man has not paid enough attention to planting trees

   C. new trees are not looked after properly     D. all the above

3.Land becomes desert after all trees are cut down because____________．

   A. roots of trees break up the soil              B. there are too many rainfalls

   C. there are no larger trees to keep rain and protect the top-soil   D. strong winds bring a lot of sand

4.The country mentioned in the passage suffered from floods and starvation  because________.

   A. it set up an empire             B. the empire fell to pieces

   C. it built too many warships       D. it lost its trees

5.Which title best fits the passage?

   A. Trees and Man               B. How Trees Prevent Droughts and Floods

   C. How an Empire Fell          D. A Story about Trees.

 

A farmer had some puppies to sell. He painted a sign advertising them on the edge of his yard.One day, a little boy came to buy one of the puppies. With a whistle(口哨), the farmer called, “Here, Dolly!” Out from the doghouse ran Dolly followed by four little balls of fur. The little boy stood against the fence. His eyes danced with delight.

As the dogs made their way to the fence, the little boy noticed something else inside the doghouse. Slowly another little ball appeared, something wrong with its legs, doing its best to catch up.“I want that one,” the little boy said.

The farmer knelt down at the boy's side and said, “Son, you don't want that puppy. He will never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs would.”

With that, the little boy stepped back from the fence, reached down and began rolling up one leg of his trousers. In doing so, he showed a steel brace(固定器) running down both sides of his leg attaching itself to a specially made shoe. Looking back up at the farmer, he said, “You see, sir,  I don’t run too well myself, and he will need someone who understands.”

1.How did the farmer advertise his puppies?

A．Advertise them in the newspaper.

B．Put up a sign in his yard.

C．Show them to his neighbors.

D．Send pictures to a magazine.

2.The underlined words “four little balls of fur” refer to “______”.

A．four toy balls                           B．four balls made of fur

C．four lovely dogs                        D．four puppies with no fur

3.Why did the boy choose the last dog?

A．Because they have something in common.

B．Because he didn't have enough money.

C．Because it was the most lovely one.

D．Because the farmer wouldn't sell other dogs.

4.According to the story, we know that the boy .

A．didn't like dogs at all                     B．needed a dog to help him

C．could run as fast as others                 D．had an artificial(假的) leg