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It is time for students to sell such things as chocolate bars and greeting cards to raise money for their school, class or club. It is inevitable that they will knock on your door and you will easily hand over your cash for overpriced items that you really do not want. That is okay, though, because there are many reasons why children should be allowed to raise money for their schools and clubs.
Fundraising（募集資金） is a great way to help children learn social skills. It is not easy to go up to a complete stranger and ask him for his money. They have to nicely ask for help, show the interested buyer what they have to offer and explain how it will help them in school. If someone refuses to buy an item, that child has to take the failure in stride(不特別費(fèi)力地), and that is a learning lesson as well.
Students can learn how to deal with money by fundraising. Of course, it might seem safer for us to take charge of our children’s earnings from their fundraising before it is turned into the school. However, by making them keep track of it, count it, and make sure everyone pays the right amount, they are learning an important lesson. Dealing with money is important to know about when they are older.
Fundraising helps improve their schools. It is the children’s school. They have to learn there and grow there. Why not let them help in making it a better place?
Fundraising allows for more life experiences for the child. The raised money is used towards things like parties, trips, or for the music club to go to see a Broadway play. The children receive the rewards for their hard work at raising the money. Without fundraising, these field trips and special school memories would be missed.
In a word, fundraising helps children a lot in many ways.
【小題1】The underlined word “inevitable” in the first paragraph means “_______”.

A．不可能的

B．不恰當(dāng)?shù)?/td>

C．不可避免的

D．不現(xiàn)實(shí)的

【小題2】One of the important indications that children are grown up is that __________.

A．children can deal with money

B．children learn to care for others

C．children make a date with friends of the other sex

D．children like to make up

【小題3】The author thinks that fundraising _______.

A．a(chǎn)dds to the family’s burden	B．wastes the learning time
C．helps to develop the children’s character	D．builds up the children’s bodies

【小題4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP: Central point   P: Point      Sp: Sub-point（次要點(diǎn)）     C: Conclusion

LONDON —A British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake (假冒的）bomb detectors (探測(cè)器) to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadn’t cared about potentially deadly consequences.

It is believed that James McCormick got about $77. 8 million from the sales of his detectors — which were based on a kind of golf ball finder — to countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia.

McCormick, 57，was convicted (判罪) of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London.

“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,’’ Judge Richard Hone told McCormick. “You have neither regret, nor shame, nor any sense of guilt.”

The detectors, sold for up to $ 42,000 each, were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air. But in fact they “l(fā)acked any grounding in science” and were of no use.

McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya，the prison service in Hong Kong, the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand.

“I never had any bad results from customers,” he said.

39. Why was McCormick sentenced to prison?

A. He sold bombs.                              B. He caused death of people.

C. He made detectors.                              D. He cheated in business.

40. According to the judge, what McCormick had done ________ .

A. increased the cost of safeguarding

B. lowered people’s guard against danger

C. changed people’s idea of social security

D. caused innocent people to commit crimes

41. Which of the following is true of the detectors?

A. They have not been sold to Africa.

B. They have caused many serious problems.

C. They can find dangerous objects in water.

D. They don't function on the basis of science.

42. It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick _________ .

A. sold the equipment at a low price

B. was well-known in most countries

C. did not think he had committed the crime

D. had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，題材是新聞報(bào)道。本文報(bào)道了一條賣假冒炸彈探測(cè)器的商人被判10年徒刑的新聞。

段落	關(guān)鍵詞、句	大意推測(cè)
第一部分（Para. 1-3）	McCormick, 57，was convicted of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London	新聞案件的簡(jiǎn)介：57歲的McCormick上月被起訴詐騙并于周三在倫敦的Old Bailey court法庭被判刑。
第二部分（Para. 4）	cheating conduct, promoted a false sense of security, contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people	法官宣判：罪犯的欺騙行為增強(qiáng)了人們虛假的安全感并促使導(dǎo)致給無辜百姓帶來死亡和傷害。
第三部分（Para. 5-7）	But in fact they “l(fā)acked any grounding in science” and were of no use, sold…to… , never had any bad results	案件細(xì)節(jié)及當(dāng)事人的反訴：假冒炸彈探測(cè)器被銷往世界各地，但它根本沒有科學(xué)依據(jù)，也毫無用處。罪犯狡辯假冒產(chǎn)品沒有給用戶帶來任何不良后果。

【解析】

39. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度：中等。問題是“為什么McCormick被判刑入獄”。根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞sentenced to prison定位原文第一段。第一段說到McCormick是一位商人，生產(chǎn)了假冒的炸彈探測(cè)器，這是一種商業(yè)欺騙。選項(xiàng)D和其對(duì)應(yīng)，為正確答案。

40. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度：難。問題是“根據(jù)法官的說法，McCormick的所為導(dǎo)致了什么樣的結(jié)果”。根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞according to the judge定位第四段的第一句：your cheating conduct … promoted a false sense of security and … contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people（你的欺騙行為提高了人們虛假的安全感并助推給無辜百姓帶來死亡和傷害）。由此可見，McCormick的行為讓人們有了安全感，但這種安全并不真實(shí)。B “降低了人們防范危險(xiǎn)的安全意識(shí)”符合此意，為正確答案。

41. D。判斷題。難度：難。問題是“下面哪種說法對(duì)探測(cè)儀來說是正確的”。

解題思路：根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞detectors，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)具體對(duì)應(yīng)到原文中一處。A對(duì)應(yīng)文章倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya，the prison service in Hong Kong, the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand。該句中的Kenya是非洲的肯尼亞，否定了A的說法。B對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第一句“the man hadn’t cared about potentially deadly consequences”，法官只說罪犯沒有關(guān)注潛在的致命后果，而不是已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的問題。C對(duì)應(yīng)第五段的第一句話“were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air”提示，探測(cè)儀的功能只是據(jù)說，而不一定真的具備找到水中危險(xiǎn)物品的功能。選項(xiàng)D定位第五段的最后一句“in fact they ‘lacked any grounding in science’ and were of no use可知，這種探測(cè)儀沒有科學(xué)根據(jù)，也毫無用途，和D“沒有科學(xué)根據(jù)的工作原理”相吻合，故最佳答案是D。

42. D。推理判斷題。難度：中等。

解題思路：返回原文，將選項(xiàng)與原文一一進(jìn)行比較。

本題主要考查第四段和第七段。A“以低價(jià)銷售設(shè)備”與原文第四段第一句不符，因?yàn)樵摼涮岬椒ü僦缚豈cCormick通過賣一些無用的設(shè)備來巨額利潤。B“在大多數(shù)國家很有名”與文中提到的區(qū)區(qū)幾個(gè)國家和地區(qū)Iraq，Belgium，Saudi Arabia，Kenya，Hong Kong，Egypt和Thailand購買他的探測(cè)儀不符。C“認(rèn)為他沒有犯罪”和第七段對(duì)應(yīng)，其中他所說的“I never had any bad results from customers”和C符合，Ｃ是正確答案。Ｄ“他沒有賺取文中提到的那么大利潤”在原文沒有語言根據(jù)。

 In the dark forests ________ some large enough to hold several English towns.

   A. stand many lakes                                    B. lie many lakes

   C. many lakes lie                    D. many lakes stand

【詳解】本題考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，完全倒裝。同時(shí)stand 和lie的區(qū)別。stand是突出的，lie是平躺的，湖不可能是突出的，所以此題應(yīng)該選擇lie。

 

閱讀下文，完成文后各題。

“進(jìn)化”不了的愛

孫君飛

進(jìn)化論包含著殘酷的叢林法則，也隱含著生命的自私自利性。一個(gè)生命個(gè)體要想很好地生存下去，必須要將自己變得更優(yōu)秀，學(xué)會(huì)“排他”，否則優(yōu)勝劣汰的只能是自己。不過，人們?cè)谟^察工蜂時(shí)，驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們并未受到進(jìn)化論的影響，它們混沌若當(dāng)初，或者說它們完美地保持著一種純粹而崇高的精神，這使它們成為生命進(jìn)化中的另類。

工蜂屬于生殖器官發(fā)育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能夠產(chǎn)卵，也只是沒有受精的卵，因此它們自身沒有繁殖能力。這種缺陷可怕而又不幸，然而工蜂對(duì)此無動(dòng)于衷，甘愿終身攜帶著缺陷而生，從未奢望將自身進(jìn)化得更完美更強(qiáng)悍。值得稱道的是，工蜂的適應(yīng)性反而很強(qiáng)大，它們擁有相當(dāng)厲害的武器——毒刺，刺上長(zhǎng)有倒鉤，一旦“亮劍”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的雙刃劍，在傷及侵害者的同時(shí)，自己的生命也面臨著終結(jié)。

蜜蜂家族中令人難以置信的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)更加震驚著世人的心靈，在這里一切都那么井然有序，合乎“法則”，一切又那么一往情深，合乎“生命之愛”。蜜蜂的利他主義行為也許會(huì)讓達(dá)爾文難以理解，失去繁殖能力卻能夠?qū)⒏鞣N特征和習(xí)性一代代傳承下去的工蜂可能更讓達(dá)爾文目瞪口呆吧。答案其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，一切都源于蜜蜂與眾不同的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。換言之，存在于工蜂體內(nèi)的遺傳基因極其頑強(qiáng)，只有它們才會(huì)驅(qū)使工蜂去鞠躬盡瘁地照顧其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命，甚至為對(duì)方犧牲自己，卻無怨無悔。

蜂后產(chǎn)下的受精卵天生高貴，常常會(huì)孵化出雌性幼蜂，而延續(xù)高貴的辦法只有一個(gè)：它們只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王漿之后，才能發(fā)育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后，否則它們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)大后依然屬于工蜂——從出生時(shí)開始，便將生命獻(xiàn)給蜂群、終日辛勞的工蜂！

由于小蜂后的基因與工蜂的基因幾乎相同，從身形外貌上看，彼此也幾乎一模一樣，這也許使工蜂頓感一陣甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然：站在我面前的，莫不是又一個(gè)“我”？我由此獲得了新生，得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂養(yǎng)小蜂后的過程中，彼此的血緣關(guān)系升至最親密最牢固。它們?cè)�本不是毫不相關(guān)的兩個(gè)，而是見證生命延續(xù)、利他友愛的兩個(gè)。因?yàn)橄嗤�的基因存活在它們的生命之中，工蜂在潛意識(shí)里將蜂后看得比自己的生命更為重要，為了對(duì)方、也為了另一個(gè)“我”和“我們”，它們可以在必要時(shí)完全放棄自己現(xiàn)實(shí)的生命及其未來。

（選自在《思維與智慧》有刪節(jié)）

下列關(guān)于“工蜂”的表述，不符合原文意思的一項(xiàng)是

  A．作為生命個(gè)體，工蜂的生命隱含著自私自利性，要想不被淘汰，它必須將自己變得更優(yōu)秀，學(xué)會(huì)“排他”。   

  B．工蜂之所以成為生命進(jìn)化中的另類，是因?yàn)樗鼈兺昝赖乇３种�一種純粹而崇高的精神，并未受到進(jìn)化論的影響。   

  C．工蜂的適應(yīng)性很強(qiáng)，尾部長(zhǎng)有倒鉤的毒刺是相當(dāng)厲害的武器，在傷及侵害者的同時(shí)，工蜂的生命也意味著終結(jié)。   

  D．從出生開始，就為蜂群而終日辛勞的工蜂，能把各種特征和習(xí)性一代代傳承下去，靠的是與眾不同的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。

下列有關(guān)“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述，符合原文意思的一項(xiàng)是

  A．蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂，產(chǎn)下的受精卵天生高貴，孵化出雌性幼蜂，幼蜂長(zhǎng)大以后就成為新一代蜂后。

  B．工蜂自身沒有繁殖能力，屬于生殖器官發(fā)育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能夠產(chǎn)卵，也只是沒有受精的卵，不能孵化幼蜂。

  C．存在于工蜂體內(nèi)的遺傳基因極其頑強(qiáng)，它驅(qū)使工蜂分泌蜂王漿，鞠躬盡瘁地照顧和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。

  D．蜂后負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)卵，工蜂負(fù)責(zé)喂養(yǎng)幼蜂，因而小蜂后的基因與工蜂的基因幾乎相同，身形外貌上也幾乎一模一樣。

下列根據(jù)原文信息所作的推斷，不正確的一項(xiàng)是

  A．采粉、釀蜜、飼喂幼蟲的工蜂是蜂群的主體，兒歌唱的“小蜜蜂，整天忙，采花蜜，釀蜜糖”，指的就是工蜂。

  B．蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序，合乎“法則”，合乎“生命之愛”，人類如果借鑒了這種社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)．可能會(huì)更有利于社會(huì)和諧。

  C．為了蜂后和后代，工蜂不惜犧牲自己，是因?yàn)樗鼈冇蟹瞰I(xiàn)精神，潛意識(shí)里將蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。

  D．工蜂一生從事的是利他的事業(yè)，而不是優(yōu)化自己的結(jié)構(gòu)來繁衍后代，從這一點(diǎn)來看，    達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論“適者生存”不科學(xué)。