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閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

　　Companies often give work to an outside business that can do the job for less money than their own employees could．This is called outsourcing．Outsourcing has become a political issue in the campaign for the American presidential election in November．

　　Many companies in the United States have been moving jobs to countries where costs are much lower．Factory production jobs have moved away for years．But the jobs now also involve computer programming and other skills based on knowledge．

　　Labor groups and workers are angry．They point to reports that say the United States has lost two-and-a-half million jobs since 2001．Most were jobs in manufacturing．Some states have lost more jobs than others．But no one seems to know for sure how many jobs left the country．

　　There was a recession．Jobs were cut．Yet, so far, the economic recovery has produced fewer jobs than expected．So outsourcing has created an emotional debate．

　　Lou Dobbs has a business news program on CNN television．He keeps a list of companies that have sent jobs to foreign countries．Almost every night, Mister Dobbs talks about what he calls the "exporting of America．"

　　Gregory Mankiw [man-CUE] is the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers to President Bush．Recently Mister Mankiw said outsourcing is probably good for the economy in the long term．He said it makes sense to import goods or services produced at lower cost．He called it "just a new way of doing international trade．"

　　Most economists would probably agree．But Democrats and Republicans criticized Mister Mankiw．He later apologized for having appeared to praise the loss of United States jobs．

　　Criticism of outsourcing has led some people to condemn free trade．They argue that if jobs are lost to foreign countries, then America should seek protective measures．

　　The director general of the World Trade Organization does not see it that way．Supachai Panitchpakdi says one-third of all economic growth in the United States since 1990 resulted from international trade．

　　Mister Supachai says training and education can create new opportunities for workers．He says exports have helped create five-million new jobs in America in the last ten years．He says those jobs pay ten-percent above the average．

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閱讀理解

　　Be careful of what you say around your dog．It might understand more than you think．

　　A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany．The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3yearold child．Its wordlearning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩)．

　　In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divide them into 20 groups of 10 objects．Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back．In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right．As the dog couldn’t see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words．

　　In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew．The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before．

　　The correct object was chosen in 7 out of 10 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法)．A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive．

　　Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog．For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed(品種)known for its mental abilities．In addition, the 9yearold dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months．

　　It’s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say．Even if they do, they can’t talk back．Still, it wouldn’t hurt to sweettalk to your dog every now and then．You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!

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