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布萊恩?佩特利支. 2004. 英語: 怎樣才能學好英語?[N]. 北京: 中國教育報, 2004-12-10 (6). 查看更多

 

題目列表(包括答案和解析)

閱讀下面兩個材料并回答問題:
【材料一】2011年10月3日,諾貝爾獎委員會宣布,美國科學家布魯斯·巴特勒、盧森堡科學家朱爾斯·霍夫曼和加拿大科學家拉爾夫·斯坦曼獲得2011年諾貝爾醫學生理學獎。在長期進化過程中人體具備兩種免疫機能:一是“固有免疫”,二是“獲得性免疫”。布魯斯·巴特勒、朱爾斯·霍夫曼的獲獎領域在前者;而拉爾夫·斯坦曼的工作主要在后者。
布魯斯·巴特勒、朱爾斯·霍夫曼發現了由“Toll”基因編碼的關鍵受體蛋白,該受體蛋白能識別病原微生物,并激活“固有免疫”,打開免疫反應的第一步;拉爾夫·斯坦曼發現的樹突狀細胞在免疫應答中作用,樹突狀細胞在體內游弋,發現并攝取病原體的特異性抗原,并報告給T淋巴細胞,T細胞將調動其他免疫細胞發生級聯反應,最終消滅病原體。
(1)材料中所描述的“固有免疫”就是_____________________免疫,這種免疫對所有的病原體都有防御作用。(1分)
(2)下列有關“Toll”基因的敘述正確的是:_____________(單選)(1分)
A.Toll基因只存在于免疫細胞中
B.Toll基因編碼受體蛋白,體現基因對性狀的直接控制
C.Toll基因編碼的受體蛋白能識別病原微生物,體現了免疫細胞的特異性識別
D.效應T細胞能與靶細胞密切接觸就是該受體功能體現
(3)下列有關樹突狀細胞的敘述正確的是:_____________________(不定項)
A.樹突狀細胞在免疫中發揮作用,說明神經系統與免疫系統功能密切相關
B.在細胞免疫和體液免疫中樹突狀細胞所起的作用沒有明顯差別
C.樹突狀細胞能夠處理和呈遞病原體的抗原特異性
D.樹突狀細胞可觸發T細胞發生免疫反應
E.樹突狀細胞可能是一種吞噬細胞
【材料二】(根據南方周末《喬布斯的錯誤與諾獎得主的試驗》整理)就在瑞典卡羅琳醫學院宣布本年度諾貝爾醫學獎的前3天,斯坦曼因胰腺癌不幸離世,他沒能親耳聽到自己獲獎的喜訊,令人惋惜。就在他離世死后的第6天“改變世界”的IT精英喬布斯也因胰腺癌英年早逝。
兩人所患的胰腺癌都是死亡率極高的惡性腫瘤。喬布斯患的是“胰腺內分泌型腫瘤”,該病癥病情發展緩慢,能存活數年的患者不在少數。但這位著名的素食主義者曾一度拒絕手術治療,導致腫瘤細胞轉移,病情迅速惡化。
而斯坦曼所患的病癥為“胰腺外分泌型腫瘤”,該病患者的存活期往往只有數月。斯坦曼在2007年確診胰腺癌后,就積極嘗試基于樹突狀細胞的治療性疫苗(DC疫苗)。借助這種“細胞免疫療法”,他的生命從預期的數月延長至4年。
(4)喬布斯癌變的細胞可能是_____________細胞,該細胞的分泌物與_________________。系統消滅癌細胞的過程是_____________(填一種特異性免疫)發揮作用。
(5)斯坦曼所注射的DC疫苗是由其體內的樹突狀細胞和腫瘤細胞中提取的一種短肽(即治療性疫苗),該短肽在免疫中作為_____________引起人體發生免疫反應。除樹突狀細胞外,斯坦曼體能夠特異性識別這種短肽的細胞還有(至少寫出3種)______________________________________。
(6)有人認為DC疫苗對防治癌癥有一定的療效,原因是:通過免疫反應斯坦曼體內的免疫系統產生抗體,抗體與該短肽特異性結合,使短肽失效。你認為這個解釋對嗎,____________,請說出你的理由:_________________________。(共2分)
(7)斯坦曼生前嘗試注射過三種DC疫苗,卻還是未能逃出死神的魔掌,請從免疫學的角度分析導致他死亡的可能原因是:________________________________________。

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閱讀下面有關“光合作用的發現”的資料,重溫科學家的研究過程,回答下列問題:
資料一:1771年英國人普利斯特利發現,將薄荷枝條和燃燒的蠟燭放在一個密封的鐘罩內,蠟燭不易熄滅;將小鼠與綠色植物放在同一鐘罩內,小鼠也不易窒息死亡。
資料二:1864年德國的薩克斯把一株盆栽植物放在黑暗處一晝夜,然后把其中一個葉片一半曝光,一半遮光,過一段時間后用碘蒸氣處理葉片,發現遮光那一半沒有發生顏色的變化,曝光的那一面則成深藍色。
資料三:1880年德國恩吉爾曼把載有水綿和好氧細菌的臨時裝片放在沒有氧氣的黑暗環境里,然后用極細的光束照射水綿。通過顯微鏡觀察發現好氧細菌只集中在葉綠體照光部位附近。如果上述臨時裝片完全暴露在光下,好氧細菌則集中在葉綠體所有受光部位周圍。
(1)普利斯特利的實驗都是在_____________條件下進行的,這時鐘罩內的小白鼠不易窒息死亡的原因是__________________________________________________。
(2)薩克斯將一個葉片一半遮光,一半曝光的目的是________________。]
(3)由恩吉爾曼的實驗可得出的結論是:光合作用的場所是______________。
(4)綠色植物的光合作用對于維持生物圈中的_____________平衡起著重要作用,因而綠色植物被稱為“空氣凈化器”。
(5)根據科學家研究發現的光合作用原理,在農業生產中可以采取何種有效措施以提高農作物的產量?答:____________________________________。

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What’s a typical(典型的)day like in Buenos Aires(布宜諾斯艾利斯)? For Diego, who lives with his parents in a house in Buenos Aires, a school day starts    41  . If his mother doesn’t wake him up at 6:00 a.m., his dog Luna will. Diego    42    himself quickly and takes Luna for a walk.

Then it’s time to get ready for school. Diego puts on his school clothes and eats a quick    43  . He slings(拋)his heavy schoolbag over his shoulder and gets onto the city bus for the 25 minutes’  44    to school.

Diego is in the seventh year of primary school. Classes start at 8:00 a.m. with math, followed

  45   history and music. At 1:00 p.m., Diego and his friends have their lunch. After lunch, Diego heads to English class. This is one of his favorites,    46   the students practise English by writing e-mails to students in    47    countries.

         When the    48    class ends, Diego and his friends    49   the bus to a city park to play football. Then he’s back home to start on homework. If he finishes in time, Diego will cook dinner. His parents come home from work at about 8:00 p.m., and    50    they sit down to dinner. After dinner, Diego does some reading or watches TV before getting ready for bed!

1.A. quickly                         B. early                                C. late                                  D. slowly

2.A. dress                            B. dressed                           C. dressing                          D. dresses

3.A. lunch                            B. breakfast                        C. supper                             D. dinner

4.A. walk                        B. way                                  C. ride                                  D. road

5.A. at                                  B. for                                    C. by                                     D. about

6.A. because                      B. if                                       C. since                                D. unless

7.A. other                            B. others                             C. another                           D. the others

8.A. first                              B. second                                      C. third                                 D. last

9.A. fetch                                B. carry                                C. take                                 D. bring

10.A. only                                     B. just                                   C. also                                  D. then

 

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閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從41-50各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

What’s a typical(典型的)day like in Buenos Aires(布宜諾斯艾利斯)? For Diego, who lives with his parents in a house in Buenos Aires, a school day starts  41 . If his mother doesn’t wake him up at 6:00 a.m., his dog Luna will. Diego  42  himself quickly and takes Luna for a walk.

Then it’s time to get ready for school. Diego puts on his school clothes and eats a quick  43 . He slings(拋)his heavy schoolbag over his shoulder and gets onto the city bus for the 25 minutes’ 44  to school.

Diego is in the seventh year of primary school. Classes start at 8:00 a.m. with math, followed

45  history and music. At 1:00 p.m., Diego and his friends have their lunch. After lunch, Diego heads to English class. This is one of his favorites,  46  the students practise English by writing e-mails to students in  47  countries.

    When the  48  class ends, Diego and his friends  49  the bus to a city park to play football. Then he’s back home to start on homework. If he finishes in time, Diego will cook dinner. His parents come home from work at about 8:00 p.m., and  50  they sit down to dinner. After dinner, Diego does some reading or watches TV before getting ready for bed!

(  )41. A. quickly         B. early            C. late             D. slowly

(  )42. A. dress B. dressed C. dressing D. dresses

(  )43. A. lunch B. breakfast C. supper D. dinner

(  )44. A. walk           B. way             C. ride             D. road

(  )45. A. at             B. for              C. by              D. about

(  )46. A. because        B. if               C. since            D. unless

(  )47. A. other B. others           C. another D. the others

(  )48. A. first B. second C. third D. last

(  )49. A. fetch          B. carry            C. take             D. bring

(  )50. A. only B. just C. also D. then

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What’s a typical(典型的)day like in Buenos Aires(布宜諾斯艾利斯)? For Diego, who lives with his parents in a house in Buenos Aires, a school day starts    1  . If his mother doesn’t wake him up at 6:00 a.m., his dog Luna will. Diego    2    himself quickly and takes Luna for a walk.

Then it’s time to get ready for school. Diego puts on his school clothes and eats a quick  3  . He slings(拋)his heavy schoolbag over his shoulder and gets onto the city bus for the 25 minutes’  4    to school.

Diego is in the seventh year of primary school. Classes start at 8:00 a.m. with math, followed

  5   history and music.At 1:00 p.m., Diego and his friends have their lunch. After lunch, Diego heads to English class. This is one of his favorites,    6   the students practise English by writing e-mails to students in    7    countries.

       When the    8    class ends, Diego and his friends    9   the bus to a city park to play football. Then he’s back home to start on homework. If he finishes in time, Diego will cook dinner. His parents come home from work at about 8:00 p.m., and    10    they sit down to dinner. After dinner, Diego does some reading or watches TV before getting ready for bed!

(   )1.A.quickly                B.early                       C.late                         D.slowly

(   )2.A.dress                  B.dressed                   C.dressing                  D.dresses

(   )3.A.lunch                  B.breakfast                 C.supper                    D.dinner

(   )4.A.walk                   B.way                        C.ride                        D.road

(   )5.A.at                       B.for                         C.by                          D.about

(   )6.A.because               B.if                            C.since                      D.unless

(   )7.A.other                   B.others                     C.another                   D.the others

(   )8.A.first                    B.second                    C.third                       D.last

(   )9.A.fetch                   B.carry                      C.take                        D.bring

(   )10.A.only                  B.just                         C.also                        D.then

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