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The sales figure in our store will greatly increase once our customers _______ our friends not only customers.

A. are considering B. has been considered   C. are considered      D. will be considered

“Tear them apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee!”

These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves .They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way word affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations （隱含意義） may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words .Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.

In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences the such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from（違背） normal behavior.

Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated （提升） the game to the level where it belongs, and setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be a better way to start.

The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend” ; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent”.

1．Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?

　　A．The words people use can influence their behavior.

　　B．Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.

　　C．Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.

　　D．Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.

2．The underlined word gross in the third paragraph probably means        .

       A．complex              B．rude                    C．guilty                  D．royal

3．What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?

　　A．He angrily hit the referee with a ball.

　　B．He refused to continue the game.

　　C．He claimed that referee was unfair.

　　D．He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.

4．According to the passage, players in a game may______.

　　A．kick the ball across the court with force

　　B．lie down on the ground as an act of protest

　　C．deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way

　　D．keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game

5．The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ________.

　　A．regulating the relationship between players and referees

　　B．calling on players to use clean language in the court

　　C．raising the referee’s sense of responsibility

D．changing the attitude of players on the sports field

“Tear them apart！”“Kill the fool！”“Murder the referee (裁判)！”

These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events.  At the time they are made，they may seem innocent enough.  But let’s not kid ourselves.  They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed.  Volumes have been written about the way words affect us.  It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含義) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior.  I see the term “opponent” as one of those words.  Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.

The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”；“enemy” ；“one who opposes your interests”.  Thus，when a player meets an opponent，he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy.  At such times，winning may dominate one’s intellect，and every action，no matter how gross，may be considered justifiable.  I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.  The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed，“Are they wet enough now？”

In the heat of battle，players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way.  I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play.  Off the court，they are good friends.  Does that make any sense？It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.

Therefore，I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world.  Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.

The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”；“friend”；“companion”．Reflect a moment!  You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent”．

66. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?

A．Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.

B. The words people use can influence their behavior.

C．Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.

D．Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.

67．Harsh words are spoken during games because the players______ .

A. are too eager to win

B. are usually short-tempered and easily offended

C. cannot afford to be polite in a fierce competition

D. treat their rivals as enemies

68．What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?

A. He refused to continue the game.

B. He angrily hit the referee with a ball.

C. He claimed that the referee was unfair.

D. He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.

69．According to the passage，players in a game may______ .

A. deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way

B. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game

C. lie down on the ground as an act of protest

D. kick the ball across the court with force

70．The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by_______ .

A. calling on players to use clean language on the court

B. raising the referee’s sense of responsibility

C. changing the attitude of players on the sports field

D. regulating the relationship between players and referees

  The idea of “law” exists in every culture. All societies have some kind of law to keep order and to control the interactions of people with those around them. The laws of any culture tell people three things: what they can do (their right), what they must do (their duties), and what they may not do. In addition, there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law.

Although all societies have laws, not all have the same idea of justice—which is “right” and “wrong” and how “wrong” should be punished. In most Western cultures, it is thought that punishing criminals will prevent them from committing other crimes. Also, it is hoped that the fear of punishment will act as a deterrent(威懾) that prevents other people from committing similar crimes; in other words, people who are considering a life of crime will decide against it because of fear of punishment. In most non-Western cultures, by contrast, punishment is not seen as a deterrent. Instead, great importance is placed on restoring balance in the situation. A thief, for example, may be ordered to return the things he has stolen instead of, as in Western societies, spending time in prison.

Another difference in the concept of justice lies in various societies’ ideas of what laws are. In the West, people consider “laws” quite different from “customs”. There is also a great contrast between “sins” (breaking religious laws) and “crimes” (breaking laws of the government). In many non-Western cultures, on the other hand, there is little separation of customs, laws, and religious beliefs; in other cultures, these three may be quite separate from one another, but still very much different from those in the West. For these reasons, an action may be considered a crime in one country, but be socially acceptable in others. For instance, although a thief is viewed as a criminal in much of the world, in a small village where there is considerable communal（公共的） living and sharing of objects, the word thief may have little meaning. Someone who has taken something without asking is simply considered an impolite person.

Most countries have two kinds of law: criminal and civil. People who have been accused of acts such as murder or theft are heard in the criminal justice system, while civil justice deals with people who are believed to have violated others’ rights. The use of the civil system reflects the values of the society in which it exists. In the United States where personal, individual justice is considered very important, civil law has become “big business.” There are over 600,000 lawyers in the United States, and many of them keep busy with civil lawsuits; that is, they work for people who want to sue others. If a man falls over a torn rug in a hotel and breaks his arm, for instance, he might decide to sue the hotel owners so that they will pay his medical costs. In a country like Japan, by contrast, there is very little use of the civil justice system. Lawsuits are not very popular in Japan, where social harmony is even more important than individual rights, and where people would rather reach agreement outside court.

1. The main point of paragraph 1 is that____.

2. Which is TRUE in most Western cultures?

3.Which statement is NOT true according to the article?

4.Which of the following cases are not heard in the criminal justice system?

"Tear’em apart!" "Kill the fool!" "Murder the referee（裁判）!"
They are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent（無害的）enough. But let's not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed（流血）.Books have been written about the way words affect us. It has shown that words having certain meanings may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term "opponent" as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term "opponent" is "enemy":“ one who opposes your interests." Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may control one's mind, and every action, no matter how bad, may be considered correct . I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he didn't consider them wet enough. The player rubbed his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then shouted, "Are they wet enough now?"
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent's intentional and illegal blocking by hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which is different from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we promoted the game to the level where it is by setting an example. Replacing the term “opponent” with “ associate” could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “friend”；“companion.” Think it over！You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term "associate' rather than "opponent."
49. Which of the following statements best expresses the author's view?
A. Bad behavior in sports will always have serious consequences.
B. The words people use can influence their behavior.
C. Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
D. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.
50. Rough words are spoken during games because the players________.
A. are too eager to win                   B. are usually bad-tempered  
C. can't afford to be polite in competitions    D. treat their friends as competitors
51. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?
A. He refused to continue the game.
B. He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
C. He claimed that the referee was unfair.
D. He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.
52. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by_______.
A. changing the attitude of players on the sports field
B. raising the referee's sense of responsibility
C. calling on players to use clean language on the court
D. regulating the relationship between players and referees