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 2009年高考閱讀理解分析指導(dǎo)（二）

考點二 事實細(xì)節(jié)題

這類題型主要測試考生對文章內(nèi)容是否真正看懂，并且理解得非常精確和全面。常見的提問方式主要有：

1. According to the passage, who / what / which / when / where / why / how many / how much / how long / how soon / how often …?

2. Which of the following statements is true / NOT true?

3. Which of the following is mentioned / NOT mentioned?

4. All of the following are true EXCEPT ______.

5. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to …?

下面我們來看看細(xì)節(jié)理解題的常考類型：

1. 描述性細(xì)節(jié)

這類細(xì)節(jié)往往用來傳遞某種情緒與感情或某種印象，往往從口氣即可推理判斷出答案。如：

When you say disco music is joyful, I snuggle up and listen. You may say I am falling behind, but I try and improve myself.

I know my own mind. You may like this music, you may like playing, you may like steamed bread, you may like cheese and butter―whatever you like or dislike, you are my sons and daughters. Society is changing and changeable: values, morals, national customs, all are changing and at full speed ahead. If you are not mentally prepared for all the changes, then there will come upon you more things which you frown (皺眉) up or do not understand. There are plenty of them to puzzle you, to keep you sleepless, to worry you till your hair goes white.

Whatever you may say, the world belongs to the youth. And of course it also belongs to old men and women who have youthful hearts.

Q: From the passage we can draw a conclusion that ________.

A. the writer is strongly against what she dislikes

B. it is not too difficult for the writer to understand young people

C. the writer loves and supports young people

D. the writer is afraid of criticizing young people

[分析]答案為B。從文中第一段的描敘“當(dāng)你說迪斯科音樂美妙時，我湊近去聽。你也許說我已落伍，但我在盡力改變自己”以及最后一段“不管怎么說世界屬于年輕人，自然也屬于那些心理年輕的老人”這些細(xì)節(jié)可以看出，作者已不再年輕，但并不保守。因此可以說作者非常明白事理而且理解年輕人。

2. 事實性細(xì)節(jié)

即敘述某事時使用的事實和數(shù)據(jù)。此類題只需簡單的推斷就能找到答案。如：

Wall Street is a famous street in New York City. It got its name from the wooden wall that used to stand where the street now runs.

The street was built in the 1600s. New York has then a Dutch city set up by people coming from Holland in Europe. It was called New Amsterdam.

Q: New Amsterdam was the name of__________.

A. a wall      B. a street       C. a city in Holland      D. a city in America

[分析]從文中我們可以得出以下事實：① Wall Street是紐約市的一條街，是17世紀(jì)來自歐洲的荷蘭人建設(shè)的；②此街是由過去這條街的一堵木墻得名。答案是D。

3. 比較性細(xì)節(jié)

通過比較或?qū)Ρ刃约?xì)節(jié)往往可以看出同類事物的不同之處或者不同事物的共同之處,由此推斷出答案。如：

Like all snakes, the garter swallows the whole creatures it uses for food. However, unlike most other common snakes, the garter bears its young alive.

Q: What is TRUE about the garter snake?

A. It eats all the creatures.             B. It frightens people.      

C. It doesn’t lay eggs.                    D. It lays eggs.

[分析] A不正確，因為文中“swallows the whole creatures…”意為“把活物整個吞下、吃掉”；無毒小蛇，可能不使人恐懼，因而B不可選；根據(jù)“它不像一般的蛇，它不是卵生，而是直接生(bear)小蛇”可以判斷，一般蛇產(chǎn)卵，而它卻不產(chǎn)卵，所以選C。

考題舉例：

I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt (被子) after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of one box. I pulled it out.     

“What is this?” I asked.

“Oh?” Mom said, “That’s Mama’s quilt.”

I spread the quilt. It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together: irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.

“Grandmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made.

“Yes, right before she died. I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “I’m still working on it. See, this is what I’ve done so far.”

    ...                                                       (2008 重慶卷 A篇)

56. Why did the author go to her mother’s home?

     A. To see her mother’s quilts.           B. To help prepare for a show.

     C. To get together for the family dinner.   D. To discuss her grandmother’s life.

57. The author was surprised because ______.

A. the quilt looked very strange          B. her grandmother liked the quilt

C. the quilt was the best she had seen     D. her mother had made some changes

[分析] 第56題答案為C。這是一道事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner. ”就可以得出答案。第57題答案為A。這也是一道事實細(xì)節(jié)題。此題稍難，必須通過surprised的上下文的具體細(xì)節(jié)才能得出正確答案。應(yīng)根據(jù)上文“It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together: irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.”和下文“My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made. ”這些重點細(xì)節(jié)來分析判斷，才能得出結(jié)論“the quilt looked very strange”。