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________ real face-to-face communication nowadays, we communicate by telephone, cell phone and through the Internet more and more, instead．

[　　]

A．Lacked

B．To lack

C．Lacking

D．Having been lacked

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Face masks are commonly used in ceremonies and performances. They not only hide the real face of the mask wearer but they often evoke powerful emotions in the audience—danger, fear, sadness, joy. You might think, because so many things vary cross-culturally, that the ways in which emotions are displayed and recognized in the face vary too. Apparently they do not. Recent research on masks from different cultures supports the conclusion that masks, like faces, tend to represent certain emotions in the same ways. We now have some evidence that the symbolism used in masks is often universal.
The research on masks builds on work done by anthropologists, who used photographs of individuals experiencing various emotions. These photographs were shown to members of different cultural groups who were asked to identify the emotions displayed in the photographs. Emotions were identified correctly by most viewers, whatever the viewer’s native culture.
Coding schemes were developed to enable researchers to compare the detailed facial positions of individual portions of die face (eyebrows, mouth, etc.) for different emotions. What exactly do we do when we scowl? We contract the eyebrows and lower the corners of the mouth; in geometric terms, we make angles and diagonals (斜線) on our faces. When we smile, we raise the corners of the mouth; we make it curved.
Psychologist Joel Arnoff and his colleagues compared two types of wooden face masks from many different societies—masks described as threatening versus masks associated with nonthreatening functions. As suspected, the two sets of masks had significant differences in certain facial elements. The threatening masks had eyebrows and eyes facing inward and downward and a downward-facing mouth. In more abstract or geometrical terms, threatening features generally tend to be angular or diagonal and nonthreatening features tend to be curved or rounded, a face with a pointed beard is threatening; a baby's face is not. The theory is that humans express and recognize basic emotions in uniform (一致的) ways because all human faces are quite similar, skeletally and muscularly

  1. 1.

    What does the passage mainly discuss?

    1. A.
      The techniques for comparing facial expressions across cultures
    2. B.
      The photography of faces
    3. C.
      Cultural variations in mask
    4. D.
      The uniformity of facial expressions in revealing emotions
  2. 2.

    According to the passage, masks are used in performances to _______

    1. A.
      disguise the real emotions of the performers
    2. B.
      cause members of the audience to have strong emotions
    3. C.
      remind the audience that an illusion is being created
    4. D.
      identify the cultural background of the performers
  3. 3.

    What does the author mean by stating, "the symbolism used in masks is often universal"?

    1. A.
      Masks are sometimes used to hide emotions
    2. B.
      Performers often need help conveying emotions to an audience
    3. C.
      Not all societies use masks in their rituals
    4. D.
      People from different cultures generally express certain emotions in similar ways
  4. 4.

    The passage mentions "baby’s face" in the last paragraph as an example of a _______

    1. A.
      typical human face
    2. B.
      source of inspiration in the creation of masks
    3. C.
      nonthreatening face
    4. D.
      face that expresses few emotions

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆四川省高三上學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Face masks are commonly used in ceremonies and performances. They not only hide the real face of the mask wearer but they often evoke powerful emotions in the audience—danger, fear, sadness, joy. You might think, because so many things vary cross-culturally, that the ways in which emotions are displayed and recognized in the face vary too. Apparently they do not. Recent research on masks from different cultures supports the conclusion that masks, like faces, tend to represent certain emotions in the same ways. We now have some evidence that the symbolism used in masks is often universal.

The research on masks builds on work done by anthropologists, who used photographs of individuals experiencing various emotions. These photographs were shown to members of different cultural groups who were asked to identify the emotions displayed in the photographs. Emotions were identified correctly by most viewers, whatever the viewer’s native culture.

Coding schemes were developed to enable researchers to compare the detailed facial positions of individual portions of die face (eyebrows, mouth, etc.) for different emotions. What exactly do we do when we scowl? We contract the eyebrows and lower the corners of the mouth; in geometric terms, we make angles and diagonals (斜線) on our faces. When we smile, we raise the corners of the mouth; we make it curved.

Psychologist Joel Arnoff and his colleagues compared two types of wooden face masks from many different societies—masks described as threatening versus masks associated with nonthreatening functions. As suspected, the two sets of masks had significant differences in certain facial elements. The threatening masks had eyebrows and eyes facing inward and downward and a downward-facing mouth. In more abstract or geometrical terms, threatening features generally tend to be angular or diagonal and nonthreatening features tend to be curved or rounded, a face with a pointed beard is threatening; a baby's face is not. The theory is that humans express and recognize basic emotions in uniform (一致的) ways because all human faces are quite similar, skeletally and muscularly.

1.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The techniques for comparing facial expressions across cultures.

B. The photography of faces.

C. Cultural variations in mask.

D. The uniformity of facial expressions in revealing emotions.

2.According to the passage, masks are used in performances to _______.

A. disguise the real emotions of the performers

B. cause members of the audience to have strong emotions

C. remind the audience that an illusion is being created

D. identify the cultural background of the performers

3.What does the author mean by stating, "the symbolism used in masks is often universal"?

A. Masks are sometimes used to hide emotions.

B. Performers often need help conveying emotions to an audience.

C. Not all societies use masks in their rituals.

D. People from different cultures generally express certain emotions in similar ways.

4.The passage mentions "baby’s face" in the last paragraph as an example of a _______.

A. typical human face

B. source of inspiration in the creation of masks

C. nonthreatening face

D. face that expresses few emotions

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Alone Together, an amazing description of our changing relationship with technology, is written by Sherry Turkle, an MIT professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology.

In the book's first half, devoted to robots, Turkle gives out toys like the Tamagotchi, Furby, and Zhu Zhu robotic hamster(倉鼠)，then explores children's deep attachments to the creatures and assessments of whether they are alive. Such quasi­pets set the psychological stage for what Turkle is really worried about: robot lovers. One woman even says that if a robot acted like it cared, she'd trade in her boyfriend.

The book's second half explores the “network”—instant messages, social networks, confessional websites, and the like—and how it reshapes the self. Fifteen­year­olds send and receive close to 6，000 messages a month.“They communicate all day but are not sure if they have connected.They develop friendships on social networking sites and then wonder if they are among friends.” In texting, a typical question is“Where are you？”， not an open­ended one like “How are you？” Just as robots produce confusion about whether one is alone or with another, Turkle sighs.

“We_are_connected_to_each_other,_but_strangely_more_alone.”

“What can't be denied(否認) is that technology, with all its faults, makes life a lot easier. It allows us to get in touch with more people in less time; it can make conversation simple—no small talk required. But are any of those feelings equal to the kind we feel when engaged in a real, face­to­face setting? Online, you can ignore others' feelings. In a text message, you can avoid eye contact. A number of studies have found that this generation of teens is becoming unconcerned. That doesn't spell disaster, but it does mean we might want to start thinking about the way we want to live. We've gone through terribly rapid change, and some of these things just need a little sorting out.”Turkle says.

This book is not to be missed and worthy of every dollar you spend.

36．In her book, Turkle worries that ________．

A．the robotic creatures are not alive

B．all women would fall in love with robots

C．children are addicted to keeping animal pets

D．more people are lost in the world of technology

37．What can be implied from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?

A．Internet sets us apart from each other.

B．Social network is not the real world.

C．Internet brings us closer to each other.

D．Messages are used a lot in people's daily life.

38．If a child keeps using messages a lot, he or she may ________．

A．get engaged in small talks

B．care little for others' feelings

C．get stuck in many disasters

D．well sort out personal relationship

39．The purpose of writing this passage is to ________．

A．recommend a good book to readers

B．urge people to keep away from technology

C．analyze the dangers of keeping robots as lovers

D．explore the relationship between human and technology

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

______ real face-to-face communication nowadays, we communicate by telephone, cell phone and through the Internet more and more, instead．

       A．Lacked                                            B．To lack

       C．Lacking                                             D．Having been lacked

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