Question

【題目】Dogs are likely to have complex emotions such as jealousy(嫉妒)and pride, according to a new scientific research.

Dogs feel very jealous when they find that they are unfairly treated. And they do not like seeing their owners being kind to other creatures, especially other dogs. They often react negatively(消極地)when their owners bring home new pets, the research found. “Dogs show a strong aversion to unfair treatment,” Dr. Friederike Range of the Vienna University said.

At first, people believed most animals lack(缺少)the “sense of self” , which is needed to experience so-called secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings such as anger or joy.

Besides dogs research, another research includes cows, horse, cats and sheep, and all the results have shown that animals are far more self-aware than we thought.

Dr Paul Morris, a psychologist at the University of Portsmouth who studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times, “We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realized. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates (靈長類) could experience.”

In research among dog owners, Dr Morris found almost all of them reported jealous behavior by their pets. The dog often tried to keep their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship.

Behavioral experts suggest that owners should keep a close relationship with the dog as usual when a new pet or child comes along in order to prevent jealous activity from the dog such as interruptions with barking.

【1】What is the new discovery about the relationship between dogs and human?

A. Dogs usually have more emotions than humans.

B. Dogs are often treated unfairly by humans.

C. Humans are angry about their dogs’ negative reactions.

D. Dogs feel unhappy when their owners show kindness to other creatures.

【2】What does the underlined word “aversion” in the second paragraph mean?

A. Internet B. Dislike

C. Concern D. Fear

【3】What does the “the sense of self” in the third paragraph probably mean?

A. It is a complex feeling that belongs to humans.

B. It is a kind of ability to feel other people’s emotions.

C. It is a necessary awareness to feel some complex emotions.

D. It is a kind of emotion which is based on anger or joy.

【4】Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?

A. The research includes four kinds of animals.

B. Animals are more self-aware than humans.

C. Dogs experience more emotions than primates.

D. Animals are emotionally complex.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】說明文。本文通過狗的例子說明動物也有復雜的感情，并不如人類所設想的那樣簡單。

【1】推理判斷題。根據第二段Dogs feel very jealous when they find that they are unfairly treated. And they do not like seeing their owners being kind to other creatures, especially other dogs.（狗發現受到不公正對待時很嫉妒，它們不喜歡看到主人對其它動物好，尤其是其他狗）可知，D項正確，故選D。

【2】詞義猜測題。根據They often react negatively(消極地) when their owners bring home new pets, the research found.（主人帶新寵物回家狗就反應消極）可知，狗覺得失寵而嫉妒。故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。根據which is needed to experience so-called secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings such as anger or joy.(是體驗次生情感所必要的)可知，對應選項中a necessary awareness選C。

【4】細節理解題。根據第五段...dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realized. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions（許多物種遠比我們知道的情感復雜，它們能遭受多種簡單情感）可知，動物的感情也很復雜，故選D。