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The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了癮的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.

In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.

For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.

“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.

Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.

The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.

Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.

 

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

 

1. The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.

2. How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?

3.What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?

 

【答案】

 

1.chemicals in the brain

2. By delivering a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains.

3.To understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity.

【解析】

試題分析:本文主要敘述的是一項研究,研究人腦中的化學物質是如何控制我們的行為的,尤其是如何控制我們的肥胖的。

1.chemicals in the brain

細節題。根據第二段2,3行If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good.可知正是老鼠釋放的化學物質讓它感覺很好。

2. By delivering a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains.

細節題。根據文章第五段2,3行They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals.可知他們向老鼠的大腦里投放了一定數量的化學物質。以此來研究具體的反應。

3. To understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity.

推理題。根據文章主體段第一段最后2行Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.可知這個研究的目的在于理解頭腦中的化學物質是如何導致我們的肥胖的。

考點:考察科普類短文閱讀

 

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The income gap between China's rural and urban residents(居民) has continued to widen during the past few years in spite of rapidly rising rural incomes, Agricultural Minister Sun Zhengcai said here on Wednesday.

The income ratio(比率) between urban and rural residents was 3.28:1 in 2006, against 3.23:1 in 2003, said Sun in his report on the promotion of building a new countryside in 2007. Sun also said the net income of rural residents in different regions also varied widely. The income gap is only one of several problems in rural areas, according to Sun's report. While listing the achievements in rural areas in recent years, Sun believed that rural development still followed behind urban development.

"We have bigger pressure to ensure the supply of major agricultural products such as grain," he said. "China's urbanization(都市化) has been speeded up and more rural residents have gone to urban areas," he said.

"In this case, more agricultural producers become farm produce consumers, which created more pressure for supply," he said.

Another problem facing China's agricultural development is inadequate application of science and technology.

"Only 30 percent of scient ific and technological achievements have been applied to agricultural production, which is 40 percentage points lower than developed countries," he said.

Despite increased government spending in rural areas, the infrastructure(基礎下部組織) is still poor and easily hit by disasters.

According to Sun, the government spent 431.8 billion yuan ($59.15 billion) on agriculture, rural areas and farmers this year, an increase of 80.1 billion yuan over the previous year.

China set aside 11.38 billion yuan to promote a new rural cooperative medical care system and 27.98 billion yuan to support the new compulsory education mechanism in rural area to ensure that all citizens shared the fruits of China's reform and opening-up, Sun said.

68.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A.Because of the rapidly rising rural incomes, the income gap between China's rural and urban residents will disappear this year.

B.The net income of rural residents in different regions is the same.

C.The government has taken measures to develop the economy in the rural areas.

D.Beca use of the rapidly rising rural incomes, the supply of major agricultural products is enough.

69.Can you infer the meaning of the underlined words in paragraph 5?

A.be made full use of B.be made little use of

C.be not made full use of D.be made good use of

70. How much is spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers the previous year?

A.431.8 billion yuan B.511.9 billion yuan

C.351.7 billion yuan   D.80.1 billion yuan

71. Which is NOT the problem in rural areas?

A.The income gap   

B.The inadequate application of science and technology

C.The supply of major agricultural products

D.China's urbanization

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