8．In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition．Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity．Others say that competition is bad； that it sets one person against another； that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people．
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied （依賴） on how well they performed at tennis and other skills．For them，playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs．In their single-minded pursuit （追求） of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten．
However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude．In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition．Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society．Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail．They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success．By not trying，they always have an excuse："I may have lost，but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try．"What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot．Such a loss would be a measure of their worth．Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves．Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others．Both are afraid of not being valued．Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve（緩解）can we discover a new meaning in competition．
51．What does this passage mainly talk aboutB？
A．Competition helps to set up self-respect．
B．Opinions about competition are different among people．
C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development．
D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition．
52．Why do some people favor competition according to the passageA？
A．It pushes society forward．
B．It builds up a sense of duty．
C．It improves personal abilities．
D．It encourages individual efforts．
53．The underlined phrase"the most vocal"in Paragraph 3meansC．
A．those who try their best to win
B．those who value competition most highly
C．those who are against competition most strongly
D．those who rely on others most for success
54．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a"desire to fail"A？
A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others．
B．One's success in competition needs great efforts．
C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills．
D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried．
55．Which point of view may the author agree toD？
A．Every effort should be paid back．
B．Competition should be encouraged．
C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter．
D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition．
分析 本文是一篇說明文，主要說明的是有關競爭的觀點，不同的人有不同的觀點．有人認為競爭有利于社會進步，有人則認為競爭讓人與人之間的關系變得緊張．那些遭受巨大競爭壓力的人，他們反對競爭，他們害怕失敗，害怕競爭．我們要把對失敗的恐懼從競爭中去除掉
解答 51．B 主旨大意題．根據文章主題段第一段內容可知對于競爭，不同的人有不同的觀點．有人認為競爭有利于社會進步，有人則認為競爭讓人與人之間的關系變得緊張．故B正確．
5 2．A 細節理解題．根據第一段第二行"Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity"可知，有人認為競爭有利于社會進步，故A正確．
53．C 推理判斷題．根據第三段中"Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society．"可知，是指那些遭受巨大競爭壓力的人，他們反對競爭，故C正確．
54．A 推理判斷題．根據"Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves．Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others"可知，兩種持不同觀點的學生，其實有一個共同點，那就是都要把自己的價值體現在于別人的比較和競爭中，故選A．
55．D 推理判斷題．根據最后一段"Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition．可推知，只有消除了害怕的競爭才有意義，害怕失敗可以在競爭中消除"故D正確．
點評 解答細節理解題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據題干和選項中的關鍵詞從原文中找到相關的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案；推理判斷題既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態度、意圖及文章細節的發展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點．
