11.Learning to drive is important to the independence of teenagers,but it is also a great responsibility.Although having a law that keeps 16-year-old drivers from having more than one teenager in the car with them seems unfair,there are convincing reasons for this requirement.
The Insurance Institute of Highway Safety reports that teens are four times more likely than older drivers to be involved in an automobile accident.It also reports that 16and 17-year-old drivers are twice as likely to have an accident if they have two teenage friends in the car and four times if they have three or more teenage friends in the car with them.Fatal crashes of 16-year-old drivers involve the highest percentage of speeding,driver error,and number of passengers.This information is enough to cause any reasonable person to wonder about the wisdom of allowing new teen drivers to take a carload of friends anywhere,even if the law permits it.
A study at the National Institutes of Health indicates that the part of the human brain that controls judgment and evaluates the consequences of our actions might not be fully formed until the age of 25.Until this study,researchers had placed the age of 18.If this is true,it could explain the reckless(魯莽的)behavior of many teens,behavior that even extends into their twenties.It could also be a strong reason for being watchful about the driving settings of young people.
This is not the only study that indicates such concern is necessary.One study at Temple University in Philadelphia examines the results of peer pressure in risky driving situations.The study,which uses a driving game,has an individual guide a car through a course,both alone and in the presence of friends.Three different age groups participated in the study:13-16,18-22,and 24and older.Members of the oldest group showed caution whether driving alone or with friends present,but the two younger groups took more chances when they were with their friends.Furthermore,because these drivers were accustomed to the noise an disturbance of many passengers,they were unable to see their own mistakes.Once again,this is a good suggestion that a law restricting the number of teenagers in the car with a young driver is a good idea.
12.What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2?B
A.There are many causes behind the teen's driving accidents.
B.It's reasonable to strictly limit the passenger number of teen drivers.
C.New teen drivers have to ask permission before driving with friends.
D.Many deaths have occurred because of inexperience and overconfidence.
13.From the two studies,the author probably suggests thatD.
A.different age groups have different peer pressure
B.underdeveloped brain makes teens ignore their mistakes
C.teenagers often give wrong judgments above passengers'notice
D.driving settings are bound up with the risk of accidents
14.We can infer that the law restriction can probablyA.
A.protect teens on the highway
B.raise teens'driving skills
C.reduce the number of fatal crashes
D.force teens to drive with wisdom
15.What does"it"refer to in Paragraph 2?D
A.Number of passengers.
B.This information.
C.Wisdom.
D.Teen drivers take a carload of friends anywhere.
分析 本文圍繞法律限制車內青少年的人數這一論點展開論證,通過對兩個研究的分析原因,論證了法律的可行性,科學性.該法律的最終結果就是為了保護高速路上的青少年.
解答 12.B 細節理解題.從第一段最后一句"there are convincing reasons for this requirement."說明緊接第二段將論證法律規定16歲的年輕司機車內不能載超過一個青少年的原因,這樣做是合理的.故選B.
13.D 推理判斷題.從第二段第一個研究中的結論"It could also be a strong reason for being watchful about the driving settings of young people."可知,駕駛環境與事故的風險有密切聯系.故選D.
14.A 推理判斷題.B選項"raise teens'driving skills"提高青少年開車技能,C選項"reduce the number of fatal crashes"減少致命事故數量,D選項"force teens to drive with wisdom"使青少年用智慧駕駛,三個選項均為法律限制車內青少年的人數的直接目的,不是推斷出來的,而A答案則是該法律的最終結果:保護高速路上的青少年,文章中并沒提及,但可推斷出來,故選A.
15.D 詞義猜測題.根據這句"This information is enough to cause any reasonable person to wonder about the wisdom of allowing new teen drivers to take a carload of friends anywhere,even if the law permits it."句意可知,即使法律允許它,這個信息也足以引起任何通情達理的人置疑這種允許青少年司機帶一車朋友到任何地方的智慧,法律允許的應該是"青少年司機帶一車朋友到任何地方"這件事,it指代前面提到的"teen drivers take a carload of friends anywhere",故選D.
點評 本文圍繞法律限制車內青少年的人數這一論點展開論證,通過對兩個研究的分析原因,論證了法律的可行性,科學性.該法律的最終結果就是為了保護高速路上的青少年.該法律的最終結果就是為了保護高速路上的青少年.本文層次很鮮明,按議論文的寫法,提出論點,分析舉例論證.集中考查推理題,對于考生在上下文中理解字里行間的能力要求較高.推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到,因此推理時我們務必忠于原文,在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據,即:已知部分-推論的前提,從中推測未知部分-推理的結論,切忌妄加評論,把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點.詞義猜測題,要在上下文中尋找同義詞或反義詞,尋找同義句子或相關解釋句子,從而推測正確答案.