Question

D
Americans are pound of their variety- and individuality(多樣性與個性), yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform（制服）, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform ?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可減稅的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also dear to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
【小題1】It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality________.

A．still judge a man by his clothes

B．hold the uniform in such high regard

C．enjoy having a professional identity

D．will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform

【小題2】 People are used to thinking that a man in uniform________.

A．suggests quality work

B．discards his social identity

C．appears to be more practical

D．looks superior to a person in civilian clothes

【小題3】The chief function of a uniform is to________.

A．provide practical benefits to the wearer

B．make the wearer catch the public eye

C．inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself

D．provide the wearer with a professional identity

【小題4】According to the passage, people wearing uniforms________.

A．are usually helpful

B．have little or no individual freedom

C．tend to lose their individuality

D．enjoy greater popularity

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】D
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：本文講述了在崇尚多樣化的美國社會里，人們仍然非常喜歡制服，分析了具體的原因，并說明了制服的利弊。
【小題1】B 推理題。根據第一段2，3行Americans are pound of their variety- and individuality(多樣性與個性), yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform（制服）, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general.可知美國人十分喜歡制服這很奇怪，因為美國人崇尚多樣化，故B正確。
【小題2】D 細節題。根據文章第二段1,2行Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes.可知美國人認為穿制服的人看起來更職業，故D正確。
【小題3】D 推理題。根據第二段最后3行What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform ?
可知制服讓人很容易就辨認出穿著的人的身份。故D正確。
【小題4】D 根據文章二段The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform.可知穿制服的人更受歡迎。
考點：考查社會現象類短文
點評：本文講述了在崇尚多樣化的美國社會里，人們仍然非常喜歡制服，分析了具體的原因，并說明了制服的利弊。要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關系，結合自己的生活常識和經驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的，讀者應當知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時我們務必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據，即：已知部分－推論的前提，從中推測出未知部分－推理的結論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。