Monitoring global warming usually requires a Ph. D. and enough maths to glaze your eyes. But that Francisco Lopez and Ruby Nostrant track（記錄）what climate change is doing to five different plants in Tucson, Arizona and they are only in the second grade.
“We are collecting data because the weather is changing and the plants are blooming,” Ruby explained.
Scores of other students at Borton Primary Magnet School and Sunnyside High School in Tucson are heading outdoors to be part of a new scientific push to figure out how the biological timing of the earth is changing. It’s a research project that the average person, even a kindergartner, can join in.
The National Phenology（生物氣候?qū)W）Network is calling on volunteers to help track early spring blooms and eventually changes in animals caused by global warming. It’s called Project Budburst. When it was first open to the public last year, thousands of people participated in 26 states.
“All people can contribute to it by tracking the timing of flowering events or leaf-out events for plants and animals in their backyard,” said Phenology Network director Jake Weltzin. He calls the volunteers “citizen-scientists.”
The idea is that tracking flowers blooming—especially lilacs（丁香）; which everyday people have helped track for decades—is fairly simple. The Website http://www.Windows.ucar.edu/ citizen_science/budburst/index.html gives directions on what to look for in different parts of the country.
University of Maryland professor David Inouye said it’s so easy to figure out what’s blooming that a lack of special knowledge isn’t a problem.
University of Arizona ecology graduate student Lisa Benton coordinated（協(xié)調(diào)）the Tucson high school students as they looked at plants five minutes from their high school. Each student has specific guidelines and she’s been happy so far with the data she is getting. For his part, second-grader Francisco said he had fun helping out.
“I like going out in the desert,” he said. “I want to be an Einstein.”
【小題1】Francisco Lopez and Ruby Nostrant are monitoring global warming by __________.
| A．watching early spring blooms and changes in animals |
| B．studying the biological timing of earth |
| C．collecting data of the local weather |
| D．tracking the early spring blooms of some local plants |
| A．ecology college graduates | B．high school students |
| C．common people | D．experts |
| A．the study carried out by students is convincing |
| B．the students still need special training to study climate change |
| C．it is difficult to study climate change |
| D．to figure out what’s blooming needs special knowledge |
| A．Lisa Benton. | B．David Inouye |
| C．Francisco Lopez. | D．Jake Weltzin. |
| A．changes in animals caused by global warming happen earlier than those in plants |
| B．the biological timing of earth is changing because of climate change |
| C．the effect of climate change in Tucson, Arizona can be hardly noticed |
| D．a(chǎn)ll the plants in Tucson, Arizona are blooming earlier because of climate change |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Can people change their skin color without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.
The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the color of a dark-striped zebrafish（斑馬魚） to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin color is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanin (黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanin per pigment cell determine skin color.
It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation (變異) in the gene for melanin production. This results in less pigmented skin.
However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun (太陽(yáng)光紫外線), which can cause skin cancer.
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin color, said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin color without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
【小題1】The passage mainly tells us that ________.
| A．people can not change their skin color without any pain |
| B．the new discovery could lead to research into ways to change skin color safely |
| C．pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin color as he liked |
| D．scientists have found out that people’s skin color is determined by the gene |
| A．nowadays people who want to change their skin color have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment |
| B．Europeans and Africans have the same gene |
| C．the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer |
| D．there are two kinds of genes |
| A．find the different genes of humans’ |
| B．prove the humans’ skin color is determined by the pigment gene |
| C．find out the reason why the Africans’ skin color is dark |
| D．find out the ways of changing people’s skin color |
| A．they are born light-skinned people |
| B．light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanin production |
| C．they have fewer activities outside |
| D．they pay much attention to protecting their skin |
| A．neutral | B．negative | C．positive | D．unconcerned |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
If you hear the sound of running water the next time you call a co-worker on his or her mobile phone, don’t be surprised. Three-fourths of Americans with mobile phones say they use them in the bathroom, a new study shows.
Approximately(大約) the same number of men and women have used the phone in the bathroom, according to a survey of 1,000 Americans by 11 mark, an integrated marketing agency, although men seem more attached to IT in the toilet: 30 percent of men versus(VS) 20 percent of women agreed with the statement, "I don't go to the bathroom without my mobile phone."
More than half the surveyed users (63 percent) said they have answered a phone call in the bathroom, and almost half (41 percent) reported initiating a phone call. That's not all, however. What goes on behind the walls of the stalls(小隔間) is anything a mobile phone is capable of. Sixty-seven percent said they have read a text, and 39 percent have surfed the Web. Men work more from the bathroom — 20 percent said they have participated in work-related calls, versus 13 percent of their female colleagues.
As expected, Gen Y(1981年后出生的一代) respondents(調(diào)查對(duì)象) are the pacesetters(先導(dǎo)者) in the "mobile everywhere" movement, with 91 percent using their phone in the bathroom. Still, older generations are not far behind. Eighty percent of Gen X(1961-1981) reported using the phone in the bathroom, as did 65 percent of Baby Boomers(1946-1965) and 47 percent of the Silent Generation(1925-1945).
While online, they are doing more than just surfing; 16 percent of Gen Y report they have made an online purchase while in the bathroom. Users of iPhones are particularly likely to browse and buy in the bathroom – 22 percent have made a purchase, versus 10 percent of Americans with mobile phones overall.
"The writing is on the stall," said 11 mark principal Nicole Burdette. "This study confirms what we all know: that the last private place is no longer private."
In the process, high-tech hygiene(衛(wèi)生) is taking a hit, the survey found. While 92 percent of mobile phone users said they wash their hands after using the bathroom, only 14 percent said they wash their phones.
【小題1】Which is the best word to replace the underlined word "initiating"?
| A．receiving | B．experiencing | C．ending | D．beginning |
| A．no wonder mobile phones are used in the bathroom |
| B．the bathroom is a private place for people |
| C．it makes people have no privacy at all |
| D．more men have used the phone in the bathroom |
| A．Using phones in the bathroom has a bad effect on hygiene |
| B．Mobile phones should not be allowed to use in the bathroom |
| C．Most people care about the hygiene after using the bathroom |
| D．Few people wash their phones after using the bathroom |
| A．supportive | B．disapproval | C．subjective | D．objective |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
The past week was possibly the most eventful in the history of customer technology markets,or to be precise, the 7-inch (17.8-cm) tablet (平板電腦)market. Never before have three of thebiggest players in the industry scheduled what could be truly historic productlaunches (上市）so close together.
Despite its name, the 7.9-inch iPad Mini is one of the largest among the mini-tablets. It's gotall the aesthetics of its earlier 9.7-inch iPad and is unbelievably thin-just 7.2 mm, 23 percentthinner than the iPad.
Apple's iPad Mini
Release date: Nov 2,2012 (Wi-Fi version)
Operating system: iOS 6
Size: 19.9 x 13.5 x 0.7 cm
Prices: $329 (16GB Wi-Fi), $429 (32GB Wi-Fi), $519 (64GB Wi-Fi), or $459 (16GB Data)
$559 (32GB Data), $659 (64GB Data)
Google may have been forced to cancel its Android event in New York City on Oct 29 due to the threat of hurricane Sandy, but that isn't stopping it from making same big announcements. For starters, Google has confirmed (證實(shí)）that the Nexus 10 will be running Android 4.2 out of the box, so get excited. It will also come equipped with a 10-inch display running at an impressive 2560x1600 resolution. On the inside, it'll have a A15 dual-core (雙核）processor running alongside 2GB of RAM(內(nèi)存)，so expect the Nexus 10 to be a speedy little tablet. Google's Nexus 10 Release date: Nov 13，2012 Operating system: Android 4.2 Jelly Bean Size: 26.4 x 17.8x0.9 cm Prices: $399 (16GB), $449 (32GB)
Microsoft's Surface is a bold product with some great touches. It doesn't feature a camera and focuses on Office software, which suggests Microsoft is focusing this product on an executive toy. There's no 3G connection (only Wi-Fi) so owners won't have to worry about an extra contract.
The real delight, however, is Metro, the impressive navigation interface (導(dǎo)航界面).It is beautifully designed with brightly colored squares for navigation. Pre-orders for Surface in the US sold out over the weekend, so it would seem customers are excited.
Microsoft's Surface
Release date: Oct 26,2012
Operating system: Windows 8 RT
Size: 27.5 x 17.2 x 0.9 cm
Prices: $499 (32GB M-Fi)
【小題1】What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
| A．The three biggest companies made a new product together. |
| B．A technology has been introduced to tablet industry. |
| C．The three companies launched their new products nearly at the same time. |
| D．The tablet market, in October was out of control. |
| A．Wi-Fi version | B．Operating system |
| C．Prices | D．Size |
| A．6 | B．5 | C．4 | D．3 |
| A．Microsoft's Surface. | B．Apple's iPad Mini. |
| C．Google's Nexus 10. | D．A15 dual-core processor. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Human cloning technology could be used to reserve heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged, and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden.
With cloning, infertile couples could have children. Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Couples go through physical and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before.
We should be able to clone the bone marrow（骨髓） for children and adults suffering from leukemia（白血�。�. This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology. We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer.
Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases. The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind. This new technology promises unprecedented （前所未有的）advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefit begin.
【小題1】What does the underlined word “infertile” (paragraph 2) most probably mean?
| A．with physical and emotional problems |
| B．short of time and money |
| C．unable to give birth to children |
| D．separated from each other for a long time |
| A．the treatment of mental diseases |
| B．the reserve of heart diseases |
| C．the cure of gene-related diseases |
| D．the bearing of babies |
| A．it has brought about benefits so far |
| B．it may be out of human control |
| C．people still know little about it |
| D．people are afraid of such technology |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Digital Trend: BOOKLESS LIBRARIES
What if you could fit all of a library’s collection in the palm of your hand? That’s part of the idea behind an upcoming bookless public library in San Antonio. Called Biblio Tech, the system will lend out e-readers loaded with 10,000 titles for two-to-three –week periods. But don't bother holding on to the device longer than that because it’s programmed to go dead.
Other libraries have tried similar programs: In 2002, the Santa Rosa Branch Library in Tucson, Arizona, launched a digital-only facility, and a bookless project was proposed last year in Newport Beach, California. Those digital-only projects folded—residents wanted their paperbacks—but Stanford University maintains a successful bookless engineering library with over 65,000 titles. Officials say digital libraries are a low-cost way to educate the masses and argue their rise is inevitable.
Still, some insist print isn’t doomed. A recent Wall Street Journal article notes that e-book purchases skew（傾斜）heavily toward the sort of “l(fā)ight entertainment” novels you can pick up at the grocery store. A survey from the Pew Research Center shows that about 90 percent of digital readers still crack open physical books.( After all, there are only four Twilight books. How hard is it to drag those around?)
【小題1】From the first paragraph, we can tell _____.
| A．you can always keep all of the books in your hands, |
| B．Biblio Tech will lend readers 10,000 books temporarily. |
| C．the books will not be stored in your device forever. |
| D．the bookless public library can be found in San Antonio now. |
| A．the Santa Rosa Branch Library lend out e-readers with 10,000 books. |
| B．the physical books are still popular despite those bookless projects. |
| C．Stanford University sets a successful example of bookless engineering. |
| D．some officials agree that digital libraries are educative and unavoidable. |
| A．succeeded | B．opened | C．a(chǎn)ccepted | D．failed |
| A．e-books are mainly sort of “l(fā)ight entertainment” novels. |
| B．most of the digital readers prefer books about physics. |
| C．a(chǎn) majority of e-reader users still choose to read paperbacks. |
| D．it is easy to take 4 Twilight books everywhere. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks ____than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more___than we realize.In fact，nonverbal (非言語(yǔ)) communication takes up about 50% of what we really____.And body language is particularly____when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed，what is called body language is so____a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.____，different societies treat the____between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having___contact (接觸) even with friends，and certainly not with____.People from Latin American countries，____，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，it’s possible that in____，it may look like a Latino is____a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving ____.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep____—which the Latino will in return regard as ____.
Clearly，a great deal is going on when people____.And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from____cultures，there’s a strong possibility of ____.But whatever the situation，the best____is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be____.
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