Question

When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are only some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知, 認知):

(1) Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education and personal experiences.

(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that a person's perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person, or you may focus(聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends and strangers.

(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory(矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore(忽視) the misdeed — “He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行竊).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information— “All kids are naughty. Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information — “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.” …

The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _______.

A. what we see and what we hear  B. cultural background and personal experiences

C. experiences one learns from others  D. critical measures taken by other people

While one observes a particular person, _______.

A. he is likely to take everything into consideration

B. he pays more attention to the person's advantages

C. children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D. his perception may be affected by other people's opinions

Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _______.

A. their measuring standards are not the same

B. either of them may be slow to catch information

C. the time for observation is not long enough

D. each of them uses different languages to express his / her impressions

The worst thing in selective perception is that ________.

A. perceived information runs against your desire

B. it contains some private feelings that may be wrong

C. importance of the contradictory information can be praised

D. the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

Answer 1

【小題1】B

【小題2】D

【小題3】A

【小題4】B

解析:

人們對事物的看法和觀點是不同的，因為人們有不同的文化背景、不同的個人經歷以及不同的個人目的等。

【小題1】語義理解題。根據文章第2段Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education, and personal experiences.可以做出正確判斷。

【小題2】細節題。根據It is not necessarily true that a person's perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person, …可推知答案為D。

【小題3】語義理解題。根據第1段第1句When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things 以及第3段的最后一句 Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends and strangers 可知答案為A。

【小題4】推斷題。根據第4段第1句 Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, …可推知答案為B。