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Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them deal with their environments better than others of their kind．This natural biological process is called adaptation．Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young．That results in the evolution(進化)of more and more organisms(生物體)that are better fitted to their environments．
Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own special class．A plant, for example, depends on its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals．It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun’s energy to make food from inorganic chemicals．These are general adaptations, common to most plants．In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have．
Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies．Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch．The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings．Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near．
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting．They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics, in their development and production of the young, and in other aspects．An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals(哺乳動物), which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather．Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions．
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
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The World Bank，the United Nations and the London School Of Hygiene and Tropica1 Medicine did a study to urge hand—washing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand—washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease．
Doctors say，many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand—washing. These include pinworms(寄生蟲)，influenza(流行性感冒)，the common cold，hepatitis(肝炎)A，meningitis(腦膜炎)and infectious diarrhea．(腹瀉)
Hand--washing destroys germs from other people，animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands，they can infect themselves by touching their eyes，nose or mouth．Then these people can infect other people．
The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed．Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.
The experts say that hand--washing is especially important before and after preparing food，before eating and after using the toilet．People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste，and after cleaning a baby．The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing．And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick．The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water．They say you do not have to use special antibacterial soap．Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds．The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse(沖洗)the hands with water and dry them．
Title: 76____
| Theme | Hand—washing could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious diseases. |
| 77_ ____can be prevented | Pinworms, influenza, the common cold??hepatitis A, meningitis and infectious diarrhea. |
| 78_____ to do handwashing | 1. Before and after 79_____________ 2. Before eating and after 80_________ 3. After handling animals or animal waste; 4. After cleaning a baby; 5. After handling money and after 81______ ; 6. when someone in your home is sick. |
| 82_____. to do handwashing | Rubbing them together while 83_____ and warm water, rubbing all areas of the hands for 84______ seconds and rinsing the hands with water and dry them. |
| How hand — washing works | Hand—washing destroys germs from other people, 85________ a person has touched. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
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What causes traffic jams? Too many cars，right? No! Some Brits are now saying that trafficlights are to blame for much of the congestion.
They suggest that traffic lights be removed at busy roads．They believe people are a better judge of when it’s safe to go，not a traffic light programmed by an absent regulator．
A report from the Institute of Economic Affairs，a UK think tank（智囊團），argues that
abolishing traffic signals would decrease congestion，reduce exhaust（廢氣）emissions（排放）and improve safety．
The report said that removing lights should also prevent other bad behavior caused by signals．such、as speeding up to catch a green light It would also avoid the wasted time when drivers have to sit at a red light even if no one is using the green
The idea may sound strange，but it’s not new．Seven cities and regions in Europe are experimenting with no-lights roads．
Drachten in the Netherlands has gotten rid of 16 of its traffic light crossings and changed the other two to roundabouts under a“shared space”scheme．At crossings, cyclists dutifully raise their arm when they want to make a turn，and drivers follow a first．arrived，first．through approach and communicate by hand signs，nods and waving．The result? Typical journey time has been cut in half and accidents and congestion have mostly disappeared．
There have been small collisions but no problem，said Hans Monderman，creator of the scheme．“We want small accidents，in order to prevent serious ones．It works well because it’s dangerous．The driver has to be responsible for his or her own risk
“The many rules take away the ability to be considerate”Monderman added．“We’re losing our responsibility for socially responsible behavior．”
So far，Drachten’s locals have called the experiment a success．“I am used to it now，”said Helena Spaanstra．24．“You drive more slowly and carefully．but somehow you seem to get around town quicker．
Tony Ooostward，70，was equally enthusiastic．“I am a walker and now you are the boss at the crossroads，everyone waits for you．But at the same time walkers wait until there are a number of people wanting to cross at the same time．”
Owen Paterson，UK’s Shadow Transport Minister。visited Drachten．He said Britain should learn from the model．“The idea is to create space where there is mild anxiety among everyone so they all behave cautiously．No one drives fast along a busy street thinking that they have right of way．”
The model is being tested in London’s Kensington neighborhood．
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科目：高中英語 來源：湖南省模擬題 題型：閱讀理解
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
第二卷（共35 分）
第四部分：書面表達（共兩節，滿分35分）
填空（共10小題： 每小題1分，滿分10分）
閱讀短文，根據所讀內容在表中的空格處填上適當的單詞或短語， 每空不超過3個單詞。
Most Americans have a city they like best. Over the years, American songwriters have described these feelings in music. More songs have been written about America's biggest city, New York, than about any other city. Many others dream about leaving their small towns to go there. They want to become rich and famous. Frank Sinatra sings about this dream in the most popular song written about New York.
Almost three-million people live in the middle western city of Chicago, Illinois. It is now America's third largest city. It used to be the second largest city. So, of course, it needed its own song. Judy Garland sings the song, "Chicago, Chicago. "
One of America's most exciting cities is Las Vegas, Nevada. In nineteen-sixty-four, Elvis Presley starred in a movie called "Viva Las Vegas." Here is the song from that movie. It is sung by the group Z-Z Top.
As we all know, one of the most beautiful cities in America is San Francisco, California. The most popular song about the city is called "I Left My Heart in San Francisco." Tony Bennett recorded it in nineteen-sixty-two. It sold more than three-million records.
Many people love Los Angeles, California. It is now America's second largest city. Los Angeles is popular because the weather is warm and the sun shines almost all the time. Randy Newman sings about his feelings for the city in the song, "I Love L.A." Not everyone, however, loves Los Angeles. Some people do not like all the big roads around the city. They like living in a smaller place. A place like San Jose, California. Dionne Warwick sings about going back to this city. The song is, "Do You Know The Way To San Jose."
Songs about American Cities
| States | 76.__________ | Features | Songs | Songwriters/ Band |
| New York | America's biggest city | A song about New York | 78.____________ | |
| Illinois | Chicago, | 79. America's ____________ city | "Chicago, Chicago" | Judy Garland |
| 77.________ | 80._________ | America's second largest city | 81._________ | Randy Newman |
| San Francisco | 82.___________ | "I Left My Heart in San Francisco." | 83.____________ | |
| 84.________ | small | "Do You Know The Way To San Jose | Dionne Warwick | |
| Nevada | Las Vegas | exciting | A song from "Viva Las Vegas." | 85. the group ___________ |
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