Question

閱讀理解

　　Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we“fit”in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.

　　The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consisits of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.

　　A status has been compared to ready－made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服裝) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hinduprince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Further more, our choice is limits to a size that will fit, as well as by out pocketbook (錢包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.

1．In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ________.

[　　]

A．determine whether a person is fit for a certain job

B．behave appropriately in relation to other people

C．protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations

D．make friends with other people

2．According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ________.

[　　]

A．in order to identify themselves with others

B．in order to better identify others

C．as their mental processes change

D．as the situation changes

3．The word“appraisal”(Para. 2, Line 7) most probably means“ ________ ”.

[　　]

A．involvement

B．appreciation

C．assessment

D．presentation

4．In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun“it”refers to“ ________ ”.

[　　]

A．fitting our actions to shose of other people appropriately

B．identification of other people’s statuses

C．selecting one’s own statuses

D．constant mental process

5．By saying that“an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”(Para. 3, Lines 2－3), the writer means ________.

[　　]

A．different people have different styles of clothes

B．ready－made clothes may need alterations

C．statuses come ready made just like clothes

D．our choice of statuses is limited

Answer 1

答案：B;D;C;A;D
解析：

1．B 第一段的大意是：身份是人類奇妙的發明，它使人恰當相處，幫助人們確定在社會中所“適合”的位置。日常生活中，我們頭腦里經常根據別人的身份試著判斷別人。例如，我們必須判別圖書館的這個人是讀者，還是圖書館管理人員，打來電話的人是朋友還是推銷商。登門拜訪的不速之客是小偷還是抄表工等等。從中可以看出身份幫助作出判斷，對自己，也對他人，因而在與人交往中，作出恰如其分的行為。應該說，B項符合題意。 　　2．D 依據文章第二段第一行The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change through life.說明我們采取的身份是隨著接觸的人的不同而改變，且一生都在變化。也就是說隨著情形場合的變化改變我們的身份。因此選擇項D符合題意，為正確答案。 　　3．C 四個選擇項的意思分別是：A．卷入，涉及；包含；B．欣賞，感謝；C．評價，鑒定；D．重現，提出。該生詞出現在第二段第五行This means that we fit out actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. 顯然這里涉及到一個動腦過程，在作出interpretation（解釋，闡述）之前自然需要評價或鑒定的環節。所以選擇項assessment應該是最為接近的詞義。 　　4．A 該代詞出現的上下文應該是文章第二段第五行This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.第一個句子我們在3題中已解釋過。在第二個句子中，“it”應該指代前面的“task”。而“task”最有可能指第一個句子中的主要成分，也就是“fit our actions to those of other people.”所以，A為正確選擇。 　　5．D 依據文章第三段第一行A status has been compared to ready－made clothes. 以及文章最后一句Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited. 作者說“an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”（一個美國人并不能隨意選擇中國農民的衣服或者Hindu王子的服裝）。是說明身份的選擇是受限制的。故D對。