Washoe, a female chimpanzee (黑猩猩) believed to be the first non-human to acquire human language, has died of natural causes at the research institute where she was kept.
The chimp died on Tuesday night, according to Roger and Deborah Fouts, co-founders of The Chimpanzee and Human Communications Institute in Washington, where she lived.
Washoe was born in 1965 in Africa, where she was captured by the Air Force and taken to the US for research use in the space program. In 1966, she left the program and began living with two scientists, Allen and Beatrix Gardner, who led a project to teach the chimp American Sign Language (ASL) in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named. Washoe had been living on Central Washington University’s Ellensburg Campus since 1980. She had a vocabulary of about 250 words. Also, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimps: Tatu, 31, Loulis, 29, and Dar, 31.
Primate (靈長類) researcher Jane Goodall, in Fouts’ book Next of Kin, noted the importance of the work with Washoe. “Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a window into a chimpanzee’s mind,” Goodall said.
Though previous efforts to teach chimps spoken languages had failed, the researchers believed there was a better chance using signs. But Washoe’s language skills were disputed by scientists who believed that language is unique to humans. Among those who doubted that chimps could use language were linguist (語言學家) Noam Chomsky and Harvard scientist Steven Pinker. They believed primates simply learn to perform certain acts in order to receive rewards, and do not acquire true language.
1. As for its first task, Washoe was involved with _______.
A. some space research B. a study on African animals
C. an ASL project D. the program of training the Air Force
2. In Goodall’s opinion, teaching Washoe ASL ______.
A. was not successful B. led to the book Next of Kin
C. won honor for Fouts D. made a difference
3. In the last paragraph, the underlined word “disputed” probably means “______”.
A. supported B. studied C. questioned D. discussed
4. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The ASL project was first set up in Africa for the study on Washoe.
B. Washoe may communicate with other chimps by signing.
C. Washoe must have been able to speak 250 words or so.
D. The researchers will prove that most chimps could use language.
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Washoe was the first animal to be taught human language.
B. Washoe, the chimp, was named in honor of a place.
C. There were four chimps in total at Ellensburg Campus.
D. Chomsky believed primates only perform silent signs.
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Washoe, a female chimpanzee (黑猩猩) believed to be the first non-human to acquire human language, has died of natural causes at the research institute where she was kept.The chimp died on Tuesday night, according to Roger and Deborah Fouts, co-founders of The Chimpanzee and Human Communications Institute in Washington, where she lived.
Washoe was born in 1965 in Africa, where she was captured by the Air Force and taken to the US for research use in the space program. In 1966, she left the program and began living with two scientists, Allen and Beatrix Gardner, who led a project to teach the chimp American Sign Language (ASL) in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named. Washoe had been living on Central Washington University’s Ellensburg Campus since 1980. She had a vocabulary of about 250 words. Also, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimps: Tatu, 31, Loulis, 29, and Dar, 31
Primate (靈長類) researcher Jane Goodall, in Fouts’ book Next of Kin, noted the importance of the work with Washoe. “Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a window into a chimpanzee’s mind,” Goodall said.
Though previous efforts to teach chimps spoken languages had failed, the researchers believed there was a better chance using signs. But Washoe’s language skills were disputed by scientists who believed that language is unique to humans. Among those who doubted that chimps could use language were linguist (語言學家) Noam Chomsky and Harvard scientist Steven Pinker. They believed primates simply learn to perform certain acts in order to receive rewards, and do not acquire true language.
As for its first task, Washoe was involved with _______.
A. some space research
B. a study on African animals
C. an ASL project
D. the program of training the Air Force
In Goodall’s opinion, teaching Washoe ASL ______.
A. was not successful
B. led to the book Next of Kin
C. won honor for Fouts
D. made a difference
In the last paragraph, the underlined word “disputed” probably means “______”.
A. supported
B. studied
C. questioned
D. discussed
What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The ASL project was first set up in Africa for the study on Washoe.
B. Washoe may communicate with other chimps by signing.
C. Washoe must have been able to speak 250 words or so.
D. The researchers will prove that most chimps could use language.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Washoe was the first animal to be taught human language.
B. Washoe, the chimp, was named in honor of a place.
C. There were four chimps in total at Ellensburg Campus.
D. Chomsky believed primates only perform silent signs.
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no ___1___ chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research ___2___ her. They want to see how civilized(馴化) she can ___3___. Already she does many things a human being can do.
For example, she has been learning how to exchange ___4___ with people. The scientists are teaching her ___5___ language. When she wants to be picked ___6___, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger ___7___ she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Washoe has also been ___8___ to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a ___9___ with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to ___10___. After she considered the ___11___, she got a tall box to stand ___12___. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a ___13___ pole. Then she climbed onto the ___14___, grasped the pole, and ___15___ down the food with the pole.
Washoe ___16___ like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished(家具齊全的) house. After a hard ___17___ in the laboratory, she goes home. ___18___ she plays with her toys. She ___19___ enjoys watching television before going to bed.
Scientists hope to ___20___ more about people by studying our closest relative(親屬) — chimpanzee.
1. A. foolish B. ordinary C. special D. simple
2. A. for B. by C. to D. on
3. A. experience B. change C. develop D. become
4. A. actions B. views C. messages D. feelings
5. A. sign B. human C. spoken D. foreign
6. A. out B. at C. on D. up
7. A. when B. until C. since D. while
8. A. raised B. trained C. ordered D. led
9. A. cave B. zoo C. room D. museum
10. A. pull B. see C. eat D. reach
11. A. problem B. position C. food D. ceiling
12. A. by B. on C. up D. with
13. A. straight B. strong C. long D. big
14. A. wall B. box C. ceiling D. pole
15. A. knocked B. picked C. took D. shocked
16. A. lives B. acts C. thinks D. plays
17. A. task B. lesson C. day D. time
18. A. Here B. There C. So D. Then
19. A. quite B. already C. even D. still
20. A. observe B. discover C. gain D. learn
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
（五）
Washoe, a female chimpanzee (黑猩猩) believed to be the first non-human to acquire human language, has died of natural causes at the research institute where she was kept.
The chimp died on Tuesday night, according to Roger and Deborah Fouts, co-founders of The Chimpanzee and Human Communications Institute in Washington, where she lived.
Washoe was born in 1965 in Africa, where she was captured by the Air Force and taken to the US for research use in the space program. In 1966, she left the program and began living with two scientists, Allen and Beatrix Gardner, who led a project to teach the chimp American Sign Language (ASL) in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named. Washoe had been living on Central Washington University’s Ellensburg Campus since 1980. She had a vocabulary of about 250 words. Also, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimps: Tatu, 31, Loulis, 29, and Dar, 31
Primate (靈長類) researcher Jane Goodall, in Fouts’ book Next of Kin, noted the importance of the work with Washoe. “Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a window into a chimpanzee’s mind,” Goodall said.
Though previous efforts to teach chimps spoken languages had failed, the researchers believed there was a better chance using signs. But Washoe’s language skills were disputed by scientists who believed that language is unique to humans. Among those who doubted that chimps could use language were linguist (語言學家) Noam Chomsky and Harvard scientist Steven Pinker. They believed primates simply learn to perform certain acts in order to receive rewards, and do not acquire true language. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
5. As for its first task, Washoe was involved with _______.
A. some space research
B. a study on African animals
C. an ASL project
D. the program of training the Air Force
6. In Goodall’s opinion, teaching Washoe ASL ______.
A. was not successful
B. led to the book Next of Kin
C. won honor for Fouts
D. made a difference
7. In the last paragraph, the underlined word “disputed” probably means “______”.
A. supported
B. studied
C. questioned
D. discussed
8. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The ASL project was first set up in Africa for the study on Washoe.
B. Washoe may communicate with other chimps by signing.
C. Washoe must have been able to speak 250 words or so.
D. The researchers will prove that most chimps could use language.
9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Washoe was the first animal to be taught human language.
B. Washoe, the chimp, was named in honor of a place.
C. There were four chimps in total at Ellensburg Campus.
D. Chomsky believed primates only perform silent signs.
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