18.Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play,catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins"Twinkle,twinkle,little star"or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional(額外的) learning trials(嘗試)increase the length(長度) of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as"Twinkle,twinkle,little star"and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表)are an exception(例外) to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突擊學習)for an examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for one's future development.
12.The author explains the law of overlearning byD.
A.presenting research findings
B.setting down general rules
C.making a comparison
D.using examples
13.According to the author,being able to use multiplication tables isA.
A.a result of overlearning
B.a special case of cramming
C.a skill to deal with math problems
D.a basic step towards advanced studies
14.What does the word"they"in Paragraph 4refer to?B
A.Commonly accepted rules.
B.The multiplication tables.
C.Things easily forgotten.
D.School subjects.
15.What is the author's opinion on cramming?B
A.It leads to failure in college exams.
B.It's helpful only in a limited way.
C.It's possible to result in poor memory.
D.It increases students'learning interest.
分析 本文主要講述了超量學習,并列舉了多個有關的事例來證明超量學習的學習效果和作用.
解答 12.D 段落大意題.根據本段第一句Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.可知本段講述的是人們經常能夠記住我們小時候所學的內容.接下來還舉了另外幾個例子來說明.故D正確.
13.A 推理題.根據In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.說明作者是通過舉例說明的方法來解釋這個原理的,故A正確.
14.B 推理題.根據文章最后一段前3行The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表)are an exception to the general rule.that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.可知學會使用乘法口訣也是overlearn的一個結果.故B正確.
15.B 推理題.根據文章最后一段3,4,5,6行The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突擊學習)for an examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.可知cramming (突擊學習)的效果只能延續很短的時間,所以說只在有限的方面起作用.故B正確.
點評 本篇內容比較適中,對于考生的能力要求不高,只要認真細致閱讀,不難發現答案.可以先看題目再讀文章,這樣可以提高閱讀的速度.還要準確定位考點.特別是推理題,要結合上下文的暗示做題,掌握方法是關鍵.