Question

14．A study showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart．The study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine．The scientists used a computer model to predict how just three grams less salt a day would affect heart disease in the United States．
The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks，eight percent fewer strokes （中風），four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease（710C．Researchers said it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year．The researchers were from the University of California，San Francisco，Stanford University and Columbia University．They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt．（72）B．
However，some scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people．
Michael Alderman is among the critics（批評家）．He is a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York．Doctor Alderman says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure．（73）G．
And he says salt has other biological effects．He says calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects，but it could also have harmful results．
Another critic is David McCarron，a nutrition and kidney （腎） disease expert at the University of California．He and his team looked at large studies of diets in thirty-three countries．（74）F．Most of them eat more salt than American health officials advise．
Doctor McCarron says the worldwide similarity suggests that a person's brain might decide how much salt to eat．
Both Doctor McCarron and Doctor Alderman have connections to the Salt Institute，a trade group for the salt industry．Doctor Alderman is a member of an advisory committee．（75）A Doctor McCarron is paid for offering scientific advice to the Salt Institute．

A．But he says he receives no money from the group．
B．Such campaigns are already in place in Britain，Japan and Finland．
C．And two hundred forty billion dollars would be saved in health care．
D．They say people eating less salt have equal chances to have diseases．
E．And it may also result in fifteen percent increase of the kidney death rate．
F．They found that most people around the world eat about the same amount of salt．
G．But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes．

Answer 1

分析 本文論述了美國人的攝鹽量的多少與健康之間的關系，作者在本文客觀的敘述了兩種不同的觀點，一是攝鹽量太多可能給人們的健康帶來一些問題，引起中風及心臟病等，所以有些人就提倡少吃鹽．而另一觀點認為如果攝鹽量控制的太低，人們容易得血壓低，他們說研究并沒有表明少吃鹽能夠降低心臟病和中風的機率．

解答 CBGFA
71．C．前面一句The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks，eight percent fewer strokes （中風），four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease主要是描述的少吃鹽帶來的各種好處，那么接下來就要敘述由此帶來的財政上的節省；故選C．
72．B．前面提到a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt，在美國全國范圍內倡導少食用鹽的運動，那么B項Such campaigns are already in place in Britain，Japan and Finland介紹其他國家的情況與此一脈相承；故選B．
73．G．根據開頭一句及Doctor Alderman says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure可知，本段主要介紹對以上觀點的反對看法，所以G項中的沒有證據表明低鹽并不意味著患中風或者心臟病的風險降低；故選G．
74．F．由后面一句Most of them eat more salt than American health officials advise可知，這是敘述這些國家的人們食用食鹽的數量比美國專家建議的量要多，所以F項與此意思相吻合；故選F．
75．A．本段提到了兩個專家McCarron和Alderman，后面提到Doctor McCarron is paid for offering scientific advice to the Salt Institute，由此可推知另外的一名專家沒有得到回報；故選A．

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