2.Testing new drugs for safety and effectiveness is a costly process in the United States.It also can take a lot of time.Some scientists are now designing silicon computer chips that act like human organs.The scientists think they have found a way to make the process faster and more economical.
The silicon chips are smaller than a child's hand.Each one has living cells that act and react like a human organ.The chips are being created as part of a program to test the safety of drug compounds.It is called the Tissue Chip for Drug Screening Program.It is a project of the US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences,or NCATS.Danilo Tagle is the center's Associate Director.He says a three-dimensional computer chip can be designed to act like a human lung.He describes how such a device would operate.
Some computer chips contain very small models of the human digestive system.They copy the real function or duties of the human stomach and intestine,moving when breaking down food.Drugs are added to the tiny organs for testing through instruments known as micro-tubes.Experiments with the tissue chips have produced more detailed information than tests using animal or cell models.
Researchers at Columbia University are working on a project that would combine models of the heart,liver and circulatory system.The scientists hope to test how well some drugs work on diseases of the heart and liver.At Harvard University,researchers are developing a tissue chip modeled on the heart and lungs.
Researchers say they can safely test the effects of a drug on different organ systems.They can use the tissue chips to observe a drug's effect on the organ or organs it is designed to target.
12.What can we learn about the silicon chips?A
A.They have living cells acting like a human organ.
B.They can replace the bad organ of human.
C.They can find diseases of a human organ.
D.They can examine a human organ.
13.The underlined word intestine ( in paragraph 3)meansB.
A.The organ inside our body where food is digested.
B.The tube in our body through which food passes.
C.The organ filled with air when we breathe in.
D.The organ in our body which processes blood and help to clean waste.
14.What can be the best title for the text?A
A.Scientists Put Living Human Tissue on Silicon Chips
B.Researchers Test New Drugs for Safety and Effectiveness
C.Scientists Observe Diseases of the Heart and Liver
D.Scientists Develop Some Computer Chips
15.What is the main purpose of writing the text?C
A.describe the effectiveness of drugs on the organ.
B.persuade people to use a new product.
C.inform new research finding in testing drugs.
D.present the progress of testing new drugs.
分析 本文主要介紹了由美國的一些科學家們正在研發的一種計算機硅芯片的原理以及用途;在美國,由于測試新藥的安全性和有效性是件既耗費財力,又耗費時間的事情,因此一些科學家們正在研發一種像人體器官一樣運作的計算機硅芯片;這種硅芯片比小孩的手還小,每個硅芯片都有很多活細胞,它們可以像人體器官一樣運作及反應;這種芯片被開發出來用于一項測試藥物化合物安全性的程序,它被稱之為"用于藥物篩選程序的組織芯片";研究人員表示,這種硅芯片能夠安全地測試某種藥物對不同器官系統的影響;科學家們還希望該芯片能夠幫助他們在人體試驗開始前找到最安全和最有效的藥物.
解答 答案:
12.A 細節理解題 根據第二段中的"The silicon chips are…Each one has living cells that act and react like a human organ."可知,每個硅芯片都有一些像人類器官一樣運作和反應的活細胞;故選A
13.B 詞義猜測題 根據第三段中的"Some computer chips contain very small models of the human digestive system.They copy the real function or duties of the human stomach and intestine,moving when breaking down food(一些計算機芯片包含非常小的人類消化系統的模型,它們會模仿人的胃和腸的實際功能或職責,在分解食物時蠕動)"提到了"the human digestive system"(人類消化系統)以及"the human stomach and intestine"(人的胃和…)可推測出intestine意為:腸;故答案為:B
14.A 標題選擇題 A.科學家們把人類的活體細胞應用在了硅芯片上; B.研究人員測試新藥物的安全性和有效性;C.科學家觀察心臟和肝臟的疾病;D.科學家開發了一些電腦芯片;通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了由科學家們正在研發的計算機硅芯片用于測試新藥的安全性與有效性的原理及用途;故選A
15.C 主旨大意題 A.描述了藥物對器官的有效性;B.說服人們使用一種新產品;C.通告了在藥物檢測中的新的研究發現;D.介紹了新藥測試的研究進程;由于本文主要介紹了科學家們正在研發的計算機硅芯片在藥物檢測中的原理及用途,故選C
點評 做本題時,首先應快速瀏覽全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次,可以通過對相關細節的理解,以及通過內容歸納,詞義猜測或概括段落大意,從而選出正確的答案.