Question

閱讀理解 　　Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure．One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body-and the body from them-until they can be released at just the right spot．There are lots of ways to trigger(引發)this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on．But triggers can come with their own risks-burns, for example．Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date：shining near-infrared light(NIR,近紅外線)on the drug in the capsule． 　　The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new．Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物)and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet(UV,紫外線)or visible light．But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule．NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger．But few compounds(化合物)absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes． 　　That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light．Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl(ONB)．When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown．But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer． 　　So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better．This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer．Cresol contains reactive(易反應的)components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage．After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc．When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains．Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule．What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells． (1) According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger? [　　] A． Temperature change． B． NIR light． C． Acidity change． D． UV light． (2) Why in ONB unsatisfactory? [　　] A． It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light． B． It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release． C． It has not come onto the market up till now． D． It is not effective enough and could be poisonous． (3) Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes? [　　] A． Protected B． formed C． exposed D． combined

Answer 1

答案：1．B;2．D;3．C;
解析：

(1)	細節理解題．根據第一段“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date：shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule．”可知，應選B項．
(2)	推理判斷題．根據第三段中“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知，應選D項．
(3)	試題解析：細節理解題．根據最后一段中“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed…”可知此處用exposed，即C項正確． 　　長難句解析： 　　1．Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物)and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet(UV,紫外線)or visible light． 　　本句是polymers(聚合物)and other materials的定語從句，when 引導的時間狀語從句． 　　2．This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer．Cresol contains reactive(易反應的)components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature 　　本句是called動詞過去分詞做后置定語，修飾a long chain of compounds．后面是reactive(易反應的)components的定語從句 　　考點：日常生活類－說明文 　　文章大意：本文圍繞“怎樣使用膠囊，讓我們生病吃藥更加安全、而且療效好”這個主題展開研究，來展開話題的．