Question

Older people with hearing loss may suffer faster rates of mental decline. People who have hearing trouble suffered meaningful impairments in memory, attention and learning about three years earlier than people with normal hearing, a study published online January 21 in JAMA Internal Medicine reveals.

The finding supports the idea that hearing loss can have serious consequences for the brain，says Patricia Tun of Brandeis University in Waltham，Mass., who studies aging. “I'm hoping it will be a real wake-up call in terms of realizing the importance of hearing. ”

Compared with other senses, hearing is often overlooked, Tun says. “We are made to interact with language and to listen to each other, and it can have damaging effects if we don't.”

Frank Lin of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and colleagues tested the hearing of 1,984 older adults. Most of the participants, who averaged 77 years old, showed some hearing loss — 1,162 volunteers had trouble hearing noises of less than 25 decibels, comparable to a whisper or rustling leaves. The volunteers; deficits reflect the hearing loss in the general population: Over half of people older than 70 have trouble hearing.

Over the next six years, these participants underwent mental evaluations that measured factors such as short-term memory, attention and the ability to quickly match numbers to symbols. Everybody got worse at the tasks as time wore on, but people with hearing loss had an especially sharp decline, the team found. On average, a substantial drop in performance would come about three years earlier to people with hearing loss.

Lin cautions that the study has found an association between hearing loss and mental abilities; the researchers can't conclude that hearing loss directly causes the decline. Yet more and more studies are turning up ways that diminished hearing could damage the brain.

A person who can't hear well might avoid social situations, and isolation(孤立)is known to be bad for the brain. “You gradually become more socially withdrawn, ” Lin says. “Social isolation is a major, major factor for dementia(癡呆)and cognitive decline. ”

Other studies suggest that when people struggle to interpret and decode(譯解）words, their brains divert energy away from other tasks, such as memory. Audiologist and psychologist Kathy Pichora — Fuller says that this brain drain happens to everyone, even people without hearing loss. Studies have shown that people are worse at remembering things when they're in a noisy room, for instance. People with hearing loss may be constantly diverting a large swath(—大片)of their brainpower，leaving less for other mental tasks, says Pichora— Fuller, of the University of Toronto Mississauga.

1. Mass does the research to _____ .

A. present the mental decline

B. attach importance to hearing

C. compare hearing with other senses

D. exaggerate the damaging effects

2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A. The outcome of the test.

B. The design of the test

C. The participants of the test.

D. The purpose of the test.

3.Dementia and cognitive decline mainly result from ____ .

A. social isolation B. hearing loss

C. memory loss D. speech impairment

4.The underlined word “divert” probably means _____ .

A. block B. accumulate C. shift D. change

 

Answer 1

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.C

【解析】

試題分析: 本文講述失聰會對人腦進行損害。

1.B 細節理解題。根據第二段提到The finding supports the idea that hearing loss can have serious consequences for the brain可知失聰對于大腦來說是嚴重的問題，故選B項。

2.C 段落大意。根據第四段提到參與實驗的1984名老人，大多數的年齡超過77，介紹到這些參與都的一些情況，故選C項。

3.A 細節理解題。根據倒數第二段提到Social isolation is a major, major factor for dementia(癡呆)and cognitive decline.社會的孤立是老年癡呆和認知下降的主要因素，故選A項。

4.C 猜測詞意。根據最后一段Other studies suggest that when people struggle to interpret and decode(譯解）words, their brains divert energy away from other tasks, such as memory.一些研究表明，當人們努力破解這些語言時，他們的大腦會從其它任務上移走這些精力，比如記憶，故選C項。

考點：科普類閱讀。