13．Over millions of years，penguins（企鵝）have developed a keen sense of where to find food．Once they're old enough，they set off from the shores on which they were hatched for the first time and swim long distances in search of tasty fish like anchovies and sardines．But they don't search directly for the fish themselves．
For example，when young African penguins head out to sea，they look for areas with low surface temperatures and high chlorophyll（葉綠素） because those conditions signal the presence of phytoplankton（浮游植物）．And lots of phytoplankton means lots of plankton（浮游動物），which in turn means lots of their favorite fish．Well，that's what it used to mean．
Climate change plus overfishing have made the penguin feeding grounds a mirage（海市蜃樓）．The habitat is indeed plankton-rich-but now it's fish-poor．Researchers call this an"ecological trap．"
"It's a situation where you have a signal that previously pointed an animal towards good quality habitat．That habitat's been changed，usually by human pressures．The signal stays，but the quality in the environment deteriorates．"
Richard Sherley，a zoologist at the University of Exeter and his team used satellite imaging to track the African penguins from eight sites along southern Africa．Historically，the birds benefited from tons of fish off the coasts of Angola，Namibia and western South Africa，but now they're going hungry．
"I was really hoping we'd see them going east，and finding areas where the fish had moved to but it ends up being quite a sad story for the penguins．"said Richard．
The researchers calculate that by falling into this ecological trap，African penguin populations on South Africa's Western Cape have declined by around 80percent．
Some research groups are exploring the idea of moving chicks to a place where they can't get trapped，like the Eastern Cape．But Sherley thinks that a longer-term solution means making and carrying out rules to create more sustainable（可持續的） fishing industry，something that he says needs public support．
32．How do penguins find their food？A
A．They discover fish with their keen sense．
B．They swim long distances directly for fish．
C．They make signals to each other when finding fish．
D．They look for warmer and greener areas．
33．What is an ecological trap for the African penguins？B
A．A trap set to catch penguins．
B．A good fish habitat with few fish．
C．A habitat unsuitable for fish．
D．A mirage on the sea．
34．What does the underlined word"deteriorates"in the fourth paragraph mean？A
A．Get worse．
B．Get better．
C．Stay the same．
D．Become suitable．
35．What can be done to help the penguins in the long run？C
A．Move the penguins to other places．
B．Create nature reserves for penguins．
C．Keep a balanced fishing industry．
D．Increase the population of penguins．
分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀．文章主要介紹了企鵝是如何找到食物的和企鵝現在所面臨的問題．在非洲一個魚的好棲息地卻只有很少的魚，企鵝會面臨生態陷阱．我們可以通過保持漁業的平衡來幫助企鵝．
解答 32-35 ABAC
32．A．細節理解題．根據"penguins（企鵝）have developed a keen sense of where to find food．"可知企鵝是通過敏感的感覺來找到食物的．故選A．
33．B．細節理解題．根據"The habitat is indeed plankton-rich-but now it's fish-poor"可知非洲企鵝所面臨的問題是在一個魚的好棲息地卻只有很少的魚．故選B．
34．A．詞義猜測題．A．Get worse變糟糕；B．Get better變好；C．Stay the same保持不變；D．Become suitable變得合適；根據"The signal stays，but the quality in the environment deteriorates"并聯系上下文可知此處是說環境變得糟糕．故選A．
35．C．推理判斷題．根據"But Sherley thinks that a longer-term solution means making and carrying out rules to create more sustainable（可持續的） fishing industry，something that he says needs public support．"可知保持漁業的平衡能夠幫助企鵝．故選C．
點評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀．文章主要介紹了企鵝是如何找到食物的和企鵝現在所面臨的問題．此類題型主要考查學生的細節理解、詞義猜測以及推理判斷能力．細節理解題是針對文中某個細節、某句話或某部分具體內容設置問題，所以在做細節理解題時要結合原文和提干有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，再結合選項選出正確答案．在做詞義猜測題時要聯系上下文并結合選項準確猜測題意．在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要聯系上下文根據文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
