1．In his 1930essay"Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren"，John Keynes，a famous economist，wrote that human needs fall into two classes：absolute needs，which are independent of what other have，and relative needs，which make us feel superior to our fellows．He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable （無止境的） this is not true of absolute needs．
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority．He was greatly mistaken，however，in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands．
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands almost all goods，including even basic goods like food．When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner，for example，the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them．The goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals．
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality．For example，Porsche famous car producer，has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market．Priced at over $120，000，it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration．But in 2000the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling acceleration．People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting．To them，however，they must pay almost four times the price．
By placing the desire to be superior to other at the heart of his description of insatiable demands，Keynes actually reduced such demands．However，the desire for higher quality has natural limits．
72．According to the passage，John Keynes Believed thatC．
A．desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
B．absolute needs come from our sense of superiority
C．relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D．absolute needs are stronger than relative needs
73．What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3？D
A．They want to show their superiority
B．They find specialty important to meals
C．Their demands for food are not easily satisfied．
D．Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality．
74．What does the underlined word"escalation"in Paragraph 4probably mean？B
A．Understanding．B．Increase
C．DifferenceD．Study
75．The author of the passage thatA．
A．absolute needs have no limits
B．demands for quality are not insatiable
C．human desires influence ideas of quality
D．relative needs decide most of our spending．
分析 著名經濟學家約翰•凱恩斯在他1930年的文章《我們后代的經濟前景》中寫道，人類需求分為兩個部分：不受他人需求影響的絕對需求，以及讓我們感到優于同伴的相對需求．他認為雖然相對需求確實是無止境的，但是這并不適用于絕對需求．凱恩斯說的很正確，只有總支出的一小部分是由占優勢的渴望所決定的．然而，他誤將這種渴望當作是永無止境的需求的唯一源泉．
解答 72．C 細節理解題．根據第一段最后一句中的"although relative needs may indeed be insatiable （無止境的），this is not true of absolute needs"可知，約翰•凱恩斯認為人類對于奢華生活的相對的需求可能會導致無止境的需求．故選C項．
73．D 細節理解題．根據第三段中的"Decision to spend are also driven by ideas of quality"和"the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them"，以及下面列舉的例子可知，兩人在結婚紀念日選擇用餐可能是與平時不同，因為具有紀念意義．但想借此感受優越奢華生活的念頭可能從來沒有過．所以相對需求還是和平時生活質量有關．故選D項．
74．B 詞義猜測題．根據第四段后面舉的事例可知，人們對質量的要求的增長沒有明顯的限制．escalation的意思是"擴大；增加"，文中表示"對生活質量需求的增加"．故選B項．
75．A 作者意圖題．根據文章第一段最后一句中的"although relative needs may indeed be insatiable（無止境的），this is not true of absolute needs"，第二段中的"He was greatly mistaken"以及文章中的其他內容可知，凱恩斯認為相對需求是無止境的．作者所做的就是辯駁他的論點，應是絕對需求無限，相對需求則和生活質量有關，是可控的、有條件性的和有限的，故選A項．
點評 本文是政治經濟類閱讀，考查學生對細節的理解把握和推理判斷能力，做題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
