Question

【題目】閱讀理解
D
When a leafy plant is under attack ，it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It's a plant's way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(親密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.
（1）What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A.It makes noises.
B.It gets help from other plants.
C.It stands quietly
D.It sends out certain chemicals.
（2）What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A.The attackers get attacked.
B.The insects gather under the table.
C.The plants get ready to fight back.
D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.
（3）Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A.predict natural disasters
B.protect themselves against insects
C.talk to one another intentionally
D.help their neighbors when necessary
（4）what can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The word is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger senses than before
C.The world is more complex than it seems
D.People in Darwin's time were imaginative.

Answer 1

【答案】
（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】這是一篇科普讀物，介紹兩位科學家Jack Schultz 和Ian Baldwin研究發現多葉植物在收到攻擊時會發出易揮發有機化合物（VOC）進行反擊，來保護自己活著與周圍的植物進行交流。
⑴細節理解。根據第一段young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get可知被昆蟲啃咬的楓樹會發出一種鄰近的植物能得到的特殊的氣味。
⑵詞義理解。通過理解They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch可知植物會釋放出能吸引在啃食該植物的害蟲的天敵的香氣，一旦它們到來，情況就反轉了，啃食者就成為了別人的午餐。故選C。
⑶推理判斷。根據第二段第一句Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked和第三段第一句Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away可知植物通過在受到攻擊時釋放有味的化學物質來讓昆蟲遠離它，所以植物能保護自己不受昆蟲攻擊。故選B。
⑷推理判斷。A.世界變得比以往更快；B.人們比以前有更強的感官；C.世界比表面上看起來更復雜；D.在達爾文的時代的人們是想象力豐富的。根據最后一段可知150多年前的達爾文就說這個世界比我們能看到的聽到的更加熱鬧、更親密，我們的感官是感受不到的，其實有很多的事情一直在進行著。故選C。