Question

　　Every year in developing countries, a million people die from urban air pollution and twice that number from exposure to stove smoke inside their homes. Another 3 million unfortunates die prematurely (過早的) every year from water-related diseases. All told, premature deaths and illnesses arising from environmental factors account for about a fifth of all diseases in poor countries, bigger than any other preventable factor, including malnutrition.

    The link between environment and poverty is central to that great race for sustainability. It is a pity, then, that several powerful fallacies (謬論) keep getting in the way of sensible debate. One popular myth is that trade and economic growth make poor countries' environmental problems worse: Growth, it is said, brings with it urbanization, higher energy consumption and industrialization —all factors that contribute to pollution and pose health risks.

    Another common view is that poor countries should pollute now and clean up later. Certainly poor countries should not be made to adopt American or European environmental standards. But there is evidence to suggest that poor countries can and should try to tackle some environmental problems now, rather than wait till they have become richer.

    One powerful—and until recently ignored—weapon in the fight for a better environment is local people. Much academic research has shown that the poor are often victims of resource depletion (損耗) : it tends to be rich locals or outsiders who are  responsible for the worst exploitation (開發). Local people usually have a better knowledge of local ecological conditions than experts in faraway capitals, as well as a direct interest in improving the quality of life in their village.

　　  1. From the first paragraph we can learn that——.

　　　　  A. in developing countries 6 million people die from environmental factors each year

　　　　  B. in developing countries 3 million people lose their lives each year because of water shortage

　　　　  C. in developing countries environmental factors are the biggest cause for abnormal death

　　　　  D. in developing countries more people die from malnutrition

　　  2. According to the author, which of the following contributes most to environmental problems in poor countries?

　　　　    A. poverty　　　　　　　　 B. urban air pollution

　　 C. water-related diseases　　  D. rich locals and outsiders

　　  3. The main idea of Para. 3 is

　　　　    A. poor countries should pollute now and clean up later

　　　　    B. poor countries should take environmental problems seriously as early as possible

　　　　    C. poor countries should follow American or European environmental standards

　　　　    D. some poor countries hold a false guideline in tackling environmental problems

　　  4. According to the author, people who can play an important role in tackling environmental problems are ——.

　　　　    A. rich locals　　　　　　  B outsiders

　　　　    C. local residents　　　　   D environmental experts

 

Answer 1

答案：C;A;B;C
解析：

1．C。從第一段可知每年有600萬人死于城市空氣污染、爐煙污染和水污染，但環境因素不僅僅指這三種因素，所以A項不正確，B項認為有300萬人死于水缺乏，而文中指出有300萬人死于水污染，所以B項不正確。由污染而引起的死亡屬于非正常死亡，而且人數還很多，由此可以判斷c項正確。根據第一段最后一句可以判斷D項不正確。     2．A。根據第三段第一句可知貧窮國家的環境問題是因為貧窮導致的。     3．B。主旨題。這一段中But所表達的轉折意思才是作者真正要說明的意思，即不應等到富裕了再來解決環境問題，應現在就解決。     4．C。細節題。根據文章最后一句可以判斷出正確答案。

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